文章作者 无名 发表时间 2004:12:06 04:17:20
来源 100Test.Com百考试题网
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怎样使句子多样化
一篇好文章的条件很多。除了内容丰富和组织紧密之外,词汇的运用和句子的处理,也起着决定性作用。
 ;句子可长可短,同一件事,可以用不同的句式表达。如果句子清一色是简单句,文章必定很单调乏 味。如果全篇充满了冗长的复杂句,读起来也很费力。最好的方法是以简单句为基础,配合适当的并列 句和复杂句。简单句可长可短,通常要加些附属成分,如分词短语、介词短语、副词短语、不定式动词 短语,以及节缩成分。
 ;总之,作者可根据情况,使句子多样化,使文章灵活多姿。例如下列五个句子的基本概念一样,但 是句式不同,内容重点也有些差别:
 ;(1) The goats grazed peacefully in the farm and were unaware of the approaching hunter. (并列分句(1)+2)
 ;(2) Grazing peacefully, the goats in the farm were unaware of the approaching hunter. (现在分语短语+简单句)
 ;(3) In the farm, the goats grazed peacefully and were unaware of the approaching hunter. (副词短语+并列分句(1)-(2) )
 ;(4) There were goats grazing peacefully in the farm, unaware of the approaching hunter. (简单句+形容语短语)
 ;(5) As the goats grazed peacefully in the farm, they were unaware of the approaching hunter. (原因副词从句+主句)
 ;(1)和(5)的句式最常见;如果加上其他三种互相交替,句子不是更多样化吗?
 ;最后,看看这两个句子要如何多样化呢?
 ;(6) The young pilot was on his first overseas training.
 ;(7) He felt very uneasy.
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 ;(a) The young pilot on his first overseas training felt very uneasy.
 ;(b) The young pilot felt very uneasy during his first overseas training.
 ;(c) The young pilots first overseas training made him feel very uneasy.
 ;(d) Extreme uneasiness seized the young pilot on his first overseas training.
 ;(e) The young pilot was on his first overseas training, feeling very uneasy.
 ;(f) It being his first overseas training, the young pilot felt very uneasy.
 ;(g) Being on his first overseas training, the young pilot felt very uneasy.
 ;(h) The young pilot was on his first overseas training and felt very uneasy.
 ;(i) The young pilot, who was on his first overseas training, felt very uneasy.
 ;(j) When the young pilot was on his/first overseas trainging, he felt very uneasy.
 ;(k) As the young pilot was on his first overseas training, he felt very uneasy.
 ;(l) The young pilot was on his first overseas training, so that he felt very uneasy.
 ;在上述12个句子中,(a)-(g)是简单句;(h)是并列句;(i)-(l)是复杂句。简单句除(b)和(g)之外, 其他五样,用的人并不多。人们最喜欢采用复杂句,尤其是(j)和(k)这两款;接着便是并列句(h)。如果 大多数人的句子只限于(b),(g), (h), (j)和(k)这五种,而其他的则弃如敝屣,不是很可惜吗?
增强英语语句表现力的有效方法
一、避免使用语意弱的“be”动词。
1、把句中的表语转换为不同的修饰语。例如:
Weak: The trees are bare. The grass is brown. The landscape seems drab.
Revision:The brown grass and bare trees form a drab landscape. (转换为前置定语)
Or: The landscape, bare and brown, begged for spring green. (转换为并列结构作后置定 语)
2、将作表语用的形容词或名词变为行为动词。例如:
1) Weak: The team members are good players.
Revision: The team members play well.
2) Weak: One workers plan is the elimination of tardiness.
Revision: One workers plan eliminates tardiness.
3、在以“here”或“there”开头的句子中,把“be”动词后的名词代词变成改写句的主语。例 如:
1) Weak: There is no opportunity for promotion.
Revision: No opportunity for promotion exists.
2) Weak: Here are the books you ordered.
Revision: The books you ordered have arrived.
二、多用语意具体的动词,保持句意简洁明了。例如:
1、Poor: My supervisor went past my desk.
Better: My supervisor sauntered (=walked slowly) past my desk.
2、Poor: She is a careful shopper.
Better: She compares prices and quality.
三、尽量运用主动语态。例如:
1、Weak: The organization has been supported by charity.
Better: Charity has supported the organization.
2、Weak: The biscuits were stacked on a plate.
Better: Mother stacked the biscuits on a plate.
四、防止使用语意冗长累赘的词语。例如:
1、Wordy: My little sister has a preference for chocolate milk.
Improved: My little sister prefers chocolate milk.
2、Wordy: We are in receipt of your letter and intend to follow your recommendations.
Improved: We have received your letter and intended to follow your recommendation.
3、Redundant: We had a serious crisis at school yesterday when our chemistry laboratory caught fire.
Improved: We had a crisis at school yesterday when our chemistry laboratory caught fire.
4、Redundant: My sister and I bought the same, identical dress in different stores.
Improved: My sister and I bought the same dress in different stores.
五、杜绝滥用陈旧词语或难懂的专业术语。例如:
1、Weak: They will not agree to his proposals in any shape or form.
Improved: They will not agree to any of his proposals.
2、Weak: I need her financial input before I can guesstimate our expenditures next fall.
Improved: I need her financial figures before I can estimate our expenditures next fall.
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