文章作者 100test 发表时间 2011:10:03 22:08:14
来源 100Test.Com百考试题网
第四课时 阅读理解
一、大纲对该部分的要求
二、历年考点总结及规律
1.(2003.9-2008.3)阅读理解体裁和题材规律
在近10次考试中,从体裁上来看,PETS三级阅读理解部分的文章基本上是三种:记叙文,说明文和议论文。其中,Part A3篇文章的特点通常是这样的:
Text 1
一般为一篇记叙文,内容往往是社会现象或热点话题,比如对钱的态度啊,投资创业阿,求婚的过程,等等,由此可以看出,第一篇通常比较简单有趣,话题也离我们的生活比较近。
Text 2
多为议论文和说明文,内容往往是发表对一个科技现象、一个科学概念或是社会问题的看法,比如对社会经济的讨论,对人口增长问题的看法等等,带有一定的理论色彩,读起来相对枯燥些,需要我们仔细理清逻辑关系。
而text 3 曾5次考到说明文,5次考到议论文,从内容上看,往往是带有评论的有一定趣味性的社会现象。比如对家务事的态度、彩票、旅行时如何支付等等内容。
通过大纲我们已经知道,part
B是搭配题,有五个人就一个话题展开讨论,内容也很多样性,比如对豆腐的看法、青年火车旅行、商业成功之道等等。这就要求我们在日常生活中要多关注身边的事情,多读书看报,加深对各种社会现象的认识,积累背景知识,这样在做题的时候就会大大降低理解的难度。
2.(2003.9-2008.3)阅读理解题型规律
在近10次考试part
A中各篇的题型设置中,推理题和细节题出现最多,各自占到了总题量的46.7%和32.7%,其次是主旨题11.3%,偶尔有些年份会考到一至两道释义题和是非题,它们出现的次数较少。
Part
B的考查形式决定了它一定是以主旨题为主,如我们上面分析的那样,这道题是概括每个人观点大意的,自然就是抓主旨了。所以主旨题占到了一半以上,另外,为了增加题目的灵活性,还会考查到细节题和推理题。
三、常见考点讲解及应对技巧(题型特点,常见提问方式,解题指南和实例分析)
(一)细节题
1.题型特点
所谓细节题,就是文中提到了某事物、某现象或理论,然后题干针对原文的具体叙述而设定的一类题目。正确选项一般可以在文章中直接或间接找到答案,但是不可能与阅读材料一模一样,而是用不同的词语或句型来表达的相同的意思
。而干扰选项往往部分正确,部分错误,也就是说是原文信息,但是不是题目要求的内容,或者符合常识,但不是文章内容 ,或者与原句的内容极为相似,只是在程度上有些变动。
2.常见提问方式
细节题题目一般会由比如 “because, how to , by, have to , focus on”
等词或短语来引导。或者是wh-型的问题,比如who, what, which, where, why, 还有how 等引导的特殊疑问句。例如:
Emotional intelligence is important because_______.
According to the passage, successful people focus on _______.
Why do many people prefer washing dishes by hand to machine washing?
…
3.解题指南
(1)主旨与细节是相辅相成的,确定了主题,才能深刻理解材料的作用.同样,对具体细节有较为全面的理解,也能更好的判明主题;
(2) 文章的事实细节内容不会孤立出现,它与前后的内容密切相关,考生要善于利用因果,类比,时间,空间的关系将零碎的细节组成一个有机整体;
(3) 看细节内容要"跳出来"看,即要对文章的组织结构有很清楚的认识,然后判断这个细节为什么主题服务;
(4)做细节题时一定要注意,可以先看题目,再分析文章细节,这样才能更快更准确地答题。
4.实例分析(2004.9.Text 1)
Fifteen years ago, I entered the Boston Globe, which was a temple to me then. It
wasn’t easy getting hired. But once you were there, I found, you were in.
Globe jobs were for life-guaranteed until retirement. For 15 years I had
prospered there — moving from an ordinary reporter to foreign correspondent and
finally to senior editor. I would have a lifetime of security is I struck with
it. Instead, I had made a decision to leave. I entered my boss’s office. Would
he rage? I wondered. He had a famous temper. “Matt, we have to have a talk,” I
began awkwardly. “I came to the Globe when I was twenty-four. Now I’m forty.
There’s a lot I want to do in life. I’m resigning.” “To another paper?” he
asked. I reached into my coat pocket, but didn’t say anything. I handed him a
letter that explained everything. It said that I was leaving to start a new
media company. We were at a rare turning point in history. I wanted to be
directly engaged in the change. “I’m glad for you,” he said, quite out of my
expectation. “I just came from a board of directors meeting and it was
seventy-five percent discouraging news. Some of that we can deal with. But much
of it we can’t, ” he went on. “I wish you all the luck in the world,” he
concluded. “And if it doesn’t work out, remember, your star is always high
here.”
Then I went out of his office, walking through the newsroom for more good-byes.
Everybody was saying congratulations. Everybody — even though I’d be risking all
on an unfamiliar venture: all the financial security I had carefully built up.
Later, I had a final talk with Bill Taylor, chairman and publisher of the Boston
Globe. He had turned the Globe into a billion-dollar property. “I’m resigning,
Bill, ”I said. He listened while I gave him the story. He wasn’t looking angry
or dismayed either. After a pause, he said, “Golly, I wish I were in your
shoes.”
The writer wanted to resign because _________.
A. he had serious trouble with his boss.
B. he got underpaid at his job for the Globe.
C. he wanted to be engaged in the new media industry.
D. he had found a better paid job in a publishing house.
解析:这是一道典型的细节推断题。按照我们上文讲到的解题技巧:我们先略读文章,了解它的主题是关于一个报社记者辞职的故事,然后再对应找可以看出题干中的关键词是resign(辞职),然后明确它问的是作者辞职的原因,然后我们回到文章的相关段落,第二段出现了resign,后面紧接着就可以找到作者辞职的原因,是因为“我要离开公司去开一家新的传媒公司”。然后对照选项,C项“他想要从事新的传媒产业”符合题意,所以选C。
下面我们来讲一下推理题:
(二) 推理题
1.题型特点
推断题就是所需要的信息都包含在文章中,但是没有直接加以说明,需要考生从已知信息中推出。推理题的题干中常会出现infer, imply , most likely
(least likely) 或probably 等词语。
干扰项的特点:
(1)只是原文的简单复述,而非推断出来的结论,把直接表达当作间接推理;
(2)看似是从原文推断出来的结论,然而实际上与原文不符,如把因果倒置,手段变目的等;
(3)根据考生已有的常识是正确的,但是却不是基于文章来推出来的;
(4)推理过头,引申过渡。
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