"uimnals"> (一)形容词、副词的比较级和最高级 英语中当要表示“比较......”以及“最......”的时候,往往要用比较级和最高级。形容词和副词都有比较级和最高级,其构成方法有两种:一种是直接在形容词或副词后加词缀-er,-est;另一种是在形容词和副词前面加副词more,most。 1.加-er,-est(适合于单音节词和一部分双音节词),如: 原型 比较级 最高级 early earlier earliest quick quicker quickest small smaller smallest 2.加副词more,most(适合多音节词和一部分双音节词),如: 原型 比较级 最高级百考试题论坛 beautiful more beautiful most beautiful complicated more complicated most complicated valuable more valuable most valuable 3.少数形容词和副词在变比较级和最高级时有特殊的形式,如: 原型 比较级 最高级 good/well better best many/much more most little less least 在使用比较级的时候,常常用than引导状语从句,指出谁与谁相比。如: He is taller than I. She went to school earlier today than (she did ) yesterday. I did morning exercises more often this year than(I did ) last year. 在很多场合,由于有上下文的暗示,说话双方都知道进行比较的对象,这种情况下可以将than省略。如: I feel much better now. There are more students this time who failed this exam. 当使用最高级时,通常总是指出在哪个范围内形容词或副词指代的内容达到了最高程度,形容词的最高级前要有定冠词the,副词最高级的the可以省去。如 She is the best singer in our contry. This is the most expensive clothes I have bought. (二) 同位语 一个名词(或短语等)与另一个名词(或短语)并列作为其中一个的说明或限定成分时称为同位语。同位语与它所补充说明的成份通常用逗号隔开。这样的用法很多,如: I have just received a letter from my brother,Tom.我刚刚收到弟弟汤姆的来信。(Tom是my brother的同位语,他们指的是同一个人。Tom用来补充说明my brother的名字。) Mr.Smith,my neighbor,has neve been married.我的邻居史密斯先生一直都没有结婚。(my neighbor是Mr.Smith的同位语,补充说明了我同史密斯之间的关系。)