2011年7

文章作者 100test 发表时间 2011:08:05 20:07:44
来源 100Test.Com百考试题网

　　1. 有一个fitness的杂志，当以一种健身机作为特色时就常常卖光，结果一个镇为了最大限度提高镇民的健身水平决定为镇上的健身中心装备这种机器。
　　题库原题：
　　62. The following appeared in the letters-to-the-editor section of a local newspaper.
　　“Muscle Monthly, a fitness magazine that regularly features pictures of bodybuilders using state-of-the-art exercise machines, frequently sells out, according to the owner of Skyview Newsstand. To help maximize fitness levels in our town’s residents, we should, therefore, equip our new community fitness center with such machines.”
　　Discuss how well reasoned... etc.
　　思路提供： 反驳的思路包括，杂志卖的好的原因可能有很多，强拉因果，即使人们喜欢这机器不代表这个镇子的人喜欢，即使镇子的人喜欢不代表会因为它而去健身，即使它能够吸引镇上人去fitness center能否最大化镇民健身水平也不一定。61. 本地报纸上给编者的信板块：
　　一份叫Muscle Monthly的健康杂志规律性地刊登使用最好的训练器械的健美运动员的照片。据skyview报摊的摊主说它经常卖完。为了提高我镇居民的健康水平，我们应该给我们的新健身中心装备这样的器械。
　　提供观点：
　　1、 如果杂志卖光得快不一定是因为这个器材好，很可能是价钱便宜，和其他的内容。
　　2、 那些人很可能并不真正用这些机器，而只是摆出造型。
　　3、 如果是为了body-building的机器很可能不能fitness。比如，cardiovascular fitness。
　　1、 The bodybuilders may just pretend to be using the state-of-the-art exercise machines while, in fact, their excellent body conditions are due to the use of other types of equipment. And, they just do so for the advertisement purpose.
　　2、 The circulation is just one of the indicators of the popularity of the magazine. What is more, I can find no direct relationship between the popularity of the magazine and the author’s suggestion that we should equip the community with the state-of-the-art excercise machine.
　　3、 The machines for body building will not necessarily have the same effect on fitness.
　　北美范文
　　In this argument the author concludes that the new community fitness center should be equipped with the state-of-the-art exercise machines featured in Powerflex magazine. In support of this recommendation two reasons are offered: (1) Powerflex contains pictures of bodybuilders using such machines, and (2) Powerflex is a popular magazine, as evidenced by the fact that it frequently sells out at the local newsstand.
　　This argument is questionable on two counts.
　　 First, a major implication of the argument is that the bodybuilders pictured using the machines in Powerflex magazine reached their state of fitness as a result of using these machines. The only evidence offered to support this contention, however, is the pictures in the magazine. It is possible that the bodybuilders pictured use different equipment for their workouts and are merely posing with the machines for advertising purposes.
　　 Second, the author assumes that machines that are suitable for bodybuilding will also be suitable to help maximize the fitness levels of the town’s residents. This assumption is highly questionable. Machines designed to increase muscle development are significantly different from those designed to increase cardiovascular fitness. Consequently, it is unlikely that the machines pictured in the magazine will be of much use to help maximize the fitness levels of the town’s residents.
　　 In conclusion, this argument is unconvincing. To strengthen the argument the author would have to show that the bodybuilders pictured using the exercise machines actually used the machines to reach their level of muscle development. Additionally, the author would have to show that the machines were suitable for increasing the fitness levels of the persons using them.
　　2. M（人名）上任S市的市长后 失业率上升 人口下降 每一家商店开门就有2家关门
　　N(人名）4年前的市长，在位的时候失业率下降 人口上升
　　所以作者得出结论应该重新选N担任市长
　　题库原题11：The following appeared in the editorial section of a local newspaper.
　　“In the first four years that Montoya has served as mayor of the city of San Perdito, the population has decreased and the unemployment rate has increased. Two businesses have closed for each new business that has opened. Under Varro, who served as mayor for four years before Montoya, the unemployment rate decreased and the population increased. Clearly, the residents of San Perdito would be best served if they voted Montoya out of office and reelected Varro.”
　　 地方性报纸的编者按：
　　在Montoya当San Perdito市长的头4年里，人口下降而失业率上升。每当一个新企业开业，就有两个旧的关门。而在Montoya之前Uarro当市长的4年里，失业率下降人口增长。很明显，San Perdito的居民重新选举Varro而非Montoya会得到更好的服务。
　　提供观点：
　　1. It is fallacious reasoning unless other possible casual explanations have been considered and ruled out. recession depression downturn低迷时期 is part of a picture of ... mayor
　　2. set the stage for Yet another possibility is that Varro enjoyed a period of economic stability and Varro’s own administration set the stage for the unemployment and the decline in population .
　　3. availability emotionally intentionally specific specifically anger angry citizen thereby bypass
　　4. cast one’s vote for sb. eliminate abolish casual emotional appeal
　　1， 缺乏standard ratio of the closed business to new business in the whole country, 不能说两个倒闭一个开就是坏事，很可能淘汰eliminate through 0selection or contest了out of date的企业，建立了更多具有competitive advantages 的企业。也是好事。
　　2， 未排除他因造成了不同。很可能是因为在P在任期间，全国的经济不景气，造成了事业更增加。而不是两个市长的不同。假定过去和现在一样，也是个错误！recession depression downturn低迷时期
　　北美范文：
　　The recommendation endorsed in this argument is that residents of San Perdito vote current mayor Montoya out of office, and re-elect former mayor Varro. The reasons cited are that during Montoya’s four years in office the population has decreased while unemployment has increased, whereas during Varro’s term unemployment declined while the population grew. This argument involves the sort of gross oversimplification and emotional appeal typical of political rhetoric. for this reason it is unconvincing.
　　First of all, the author assumes that the Montoya administration caused the unemployment in San Perdito as well as its population loss. The line of reasoning is that because Montoya was elected before the rise in unemployment and the decline in population, the former event caused the latter. But this is fallacious reasoning unless other possible causal explanations have been considered and ruled out. For example, perhaps a statewide or nationwide recession is the cause of these events. Or perhaps the current economic downturn is part of a larger picture of economic cycles and trends, and has nothing to do with who happens to be mayor. Yet another possibility is that Varro enjoyed a period of economic stability and Varro’s own administration set the stage for the unemployment and the decline in population the city is now experiencing under Montoya.
　　Secondly, job availability and the economic health of one’s community are issues that affect people emotionally. The argument at hand might have been intentionally oversimplified for the specific purpose of angering citizens of San Perdito, and thereby turning them against the incumbent mayor. Arguments that bypass relevant, complex reasoning in favor of stirring up emotions do nothing to establish their conclusions. they are also unfair to the parties involved.
　　In conclusion, I would not cast my vote for Varro on the basis of this weak argument. The author must provide support for the assumption that Mayor Montoya has caused San Perdito’s poor economy. Moreover, such support would have to involve examining and eliminating other possible causal factors. Only with more convincing evidence could this argument become more than just an emotional appeal.
　　3. volunteer ambulance service 对 accident 的反应速度没有commercial ambulance service 快，还讲了点其它的， 然后说要废除volunteer ambulance service, hire a commercial ambulance service.
　　题库原题：The following appeared in the editorial section of a West Cambria newspaper.
　　“A recent review of the West Cambria volunteer ambulance service revealed a longer average response time to accidents than was reported by a commercial ambulance squad located in East Cambria. In order to provide better patient care for accident victims and to raise revenue for our town by collecting service fees for ambulance use, we should disband our volunteer service and hire a commercial ambulance service.”