GMAT：CD修饰歧意问题总结GMAT考试

文章作者 100test 发表时间 2009:07:07 20:32:28
来源 100Test.Com百考试题网

　　修饰歧意问题
　　Although it was once funded entirely by the government, the Victoria and Albert Museum was one of the first of Britains national museums seeking support from corporations and private donors and to increase income by increasing attendance.
　　(A) one of the first of Britains national museums seeking support from
　　(B) one of Britains first national museums seeking support of
　　(C) among Britains first national museums to seek support of
　　(D) among the first of Britains national museums to seek support from（D）
　　(E) among Britains first national museums that have sought the support of
　　我的问题
　　the first of Britains national museums Britains first national museums 请问以上2句的区别是什么？是部分和整体强调的区别吗？
　　PumpkinMM的解释：
　　1. the first of Britains national museums 英国的第一批国家博物馆(肯定没有"世界第一的意思") 2. Britains first national museums 英国的, 第一批的, 国家博物馆 (有歧义: 两种理解: 英国的第一批国家博物馆, 英国的,第一批,国家博物馆) 因为这里Britain 和first都修饰national museums. 付: mindfree 语法笔记: a sizeable wolf population有歧义, 可能是大型的狼, 也可能是大群的狼!
　　Tianwan的解释
　　C, "fist modifies "museums" and "to seek.." modifies museums, while D, "museums" modifies "the first", "to seek..." modifies "the first".
　　To be discussed....
　　来自Marizhu
　　Many women who might otherwise choose teaching as a career in the past are now going into business government and industry areas where there are opportunities not previously available to them.
　　A) who might otherwise choose teaching as a career in the past B) who otherwise might once choose teaching as a career C) who might once have chosen teaching as a career D) who, in the past, might otherwise once have chosen teaching as a career E) who, as a career, might have chosen teaching in the past
　　Bryony的解释
　　OG188. As a result of medical advances, many people that might at one time have died as children of such infections as diphtheria, pneumonia, or rheumatic fever now live well into old age.
　　(A) that might at one time have died as children
　　(B) who might once have died in childhood
　　(C) that as children might once have died
　　(D) who in childhood might have at one time died
　　(E) who, when they were children, might at one time have died
　　B, the best choice, uses the preferred relative pronoun, who, to refer to many people. It observes formal and logical parallelism in the wording of the relative clause and the main clause: first, adverbs (once and now), second, verbs (might have died and live). and third, adverbial prepositional phrases (in childhood and into old age). A and C use the questionable relative pronoun that to refer to many people. They also violate the parallel structure noted above. D and E, although they use the correct pronoun, who, offer convoluted and nonparallel structures for the relative clause
　　原因状语的顺序：
　　Young female ballet dancers and gymnasts sometimes fail to maintain good eating habits caused by the desire to be as thin as possible. (A) Young female ballet dancers and gymnasts sometimes fail to maintain good eating habits caused by the desire to be as thin as possible. (B) Good eating habits sometimes fail to be maintained by young female ballet dancers and gymnasts caused by desiring to be as thin as possible. (C) Because they desire to be as thin as possible, good eating habits are sometimes not maintained by young female ballet dancers and gymnasts. (D) Because they desire to be as thin as possible, young female ballet dancers and gymnasts sometimes fail to maintain good eating habits. (D) (E) Young female ballet dancers and gymnasts sometimes fail to maintain good eating habits because they desire to be as thin as possible.
　　告诉你,先原因,后结果,表达的意思清晰明确
　　weiyu的解释：
　　睡了一晚上。想出点ETS的思路供大家来批。
　　I do not think A, because B... ETS要我们翻译成认为A不是因为B；即逻辑中的A->.~B, 是个逆否命题，强调结论。　
　　上句话也可以是：B->.~A就是原命题的逻辑；
　　所以当原因状语主从句表达否定意思时，because在后是逆否命题，强调结果。because在前是原命题，强调原因。
　　但是表示肯定意思时，就不大清楚了。因为英语和中文的意思是一样的。
　　Tianwan的解释：
　　I do not think A, because B 的意思只有：因为B，所以不认为A（I dont think A and the reason is B)
　　I do not think A because B的意思可能是：因为B，所以不认为A (I dont think A and the reason is B)or 不是因为B才认为A(I think A and the reason is not B)，一般取后者。
　　逗号很关键,没有逗号会引起歧义，书面语中一般取后者，口语中根据重音决定。
　　结论：because的优选结构是because A, B和B, because A. 不用B because A(强调歧意)
　　Jnlvo的解释：
　　不愧为逻辑区的版主。我感觉这么说是有些道理，不过最好还有更多的例子来说明佐证，否则还是有点抽象。
　　这题我没想到这么深，选的依据主要是选最常见的，最不可能产生歧义的选项。就如doing sth. ，sb 谓语和sb.，doing sth，谓语，如果其它看不出什么不同，只是doing的位置不同，我就选前者，因为这最常用，最不容易错。
　　Dreadpower的解释
　　讨论这个题目之前。我一直是这么认为的，ETS要求一定的逻辑表述，先发生的，先决的要先写，记得OG中有道两个分词在句首并列的那题提到过这点所以，我觉得在D，E都可的情况下，选D比较规范化。
　　定语从句的歧意问题（来自Ecsniffer）
　　求证大全补充250-181题的思路[求助] 181.Dr. Sayres lecture recounted several little-known episodes in the relations between nations that illustrates what is wrong with alliances and treaties that do not have popular support. (A) relations between nations that illustrates (B) relation of one nation with another that illustrates (C) relations between nations that illustrate (D) relation of one nation with another and illustrate (E) relations of nations that illustrates 这道题illustrate修饰的是relation，有这么一说，如果n.和后面的结构构成固定搭配可以跳跃修饰。所以A,D,E错 而relation的两种结构 relation between A and B relation of A with B 所以C错 最后只剩下B正确，我的思路对不对呢？还请指正！
　　Snazzy的解释：
　　a) official connections between countries, companies, organizations etc Eg. Relations between the two countries have improved recently ecsniffer, can u help rule out C, pls? there is nothing wrong with relations between nations
　　PumpkinMM的解释：
　　偶从新想了一下, 就当偶什么都不知道, 只能这样分析:
　　1. 动词发起illustrate是什么? 分析选项, 到底是那个名词episodes/relation/nations? 看单复数
　　A. 前后没有一个名词可以发起illustrates
　　B. 可能是
　　C. 可能
　　D. 关系变化了, 但是找不到和动词and illustrate并列的对象, 排除 (谓语动词recounted用的是过去时态)
　　E. 同A.
　　2. 接着比较B,C, 发现还是不能区分. 嗯但是C里面的形式不能用单复数来决定that从句的修饰, b的形式可以区分 =è明确表示从句修饰的是 the relation 要求明确的避免歧义, 就只能选B 出现好几个通过单复数来决定修饰语修饰对象的 job/skill的
　　3.
　　109. Legislation in the Canadian province of Ontario requires of both public and private employers that pay be the same for jobs historically held by women as for jobs requiring comparable skill that are usually held by men.
　　(A) that pay be the same for jobs historically held by women as for jobs requiring comparable skill that are
　　(B) that pay for jobs historically held by women should be the same as for a job requiring comparable skills
　　(C) to pay the same in jobs historically held by women as in jobs of comparable skill that are
　　(D) to pay the same regardless of whether a job was historically held by women or is one demanding comparable skills
　　(E) to pay as much for jobs historically held by women as for a job demanding comparable skills
　　请指教
　　Tianwan的解释：
　　1,"2. 接着比较B,C, 发现还是不能区分. 嗯但是C里面的形式不能用单复数来决定that从句的修饰, b的形式可以区分,明确表示从句修饰的是the relation 要求明确的避免歧义, 就只能选B" pumpkin说得对。另外relation with是固定搭配。
　　2，109. Legislation in the Canadian province of Ontario requires of both public and private employers that pay be the same for jobs historically held by women as for jobs requiring comparable skill that are usually held by men.
　　(A) that pay be the same for jobs historically held by women as for jobs requiring comparable skill that are
　　A的that are也是biaoming了先行词是jobs而不是skill。
　　Jnlvo的解释：
　　个人的感觉是遇到这种情况一是看语义，看结构的暗示，如109；二尽量避免多重跳跃修饰，一般是一次，前面有一个介词/动名词等修饰，如果可能出现两次及两次以上的跳跃修饰，要注意，越远越弱。
　　Dreadpower的解释：
　　这个就是考主谓一致鉴别修饰对象的问题吧，选B：
　　A考虑：如果between...and平行的话，那么that do无修饰对象，排除
　　C考虑：that do同A
　　D考虑：改变句子意思
　　E考虑：illustrates无论修饰 relations 还是nations都不行
　　Weiyu的解释：
　　我觉的从逻辑意思上，C也有歧意。是dreadpower老弟提醒了我这一点。
　　Dr. Sayres lecture recounted several little-known episodes in the relations between nations that illustrate what is wrong with alliances and treaties that do not have popular support.
　　Dr. Sayres lecture recounted several little-known episodes in the relations between nations that illustrate what is wrong with alliances and treaties that do not have popular support.
　　状语从句的修饰歧意问题(来自dreadpower)
　　大全429. Inflation in medical costs slowed in 1986 for the fifth consecutive year but were still about 50 percent greater than the rate of price increases for other items included in the consumer price index.
　　(A) Inflation in medical costs slowed in 1986 for the fifth consecutive year but were
　　(B) Inflation in medical costs slowed for the fifth consecutive year in 1986 but was
　　(C) In 1986 inflation in medical costs were slowed for the fifth consecutive year but were
　　答案是B，主谓一致排除的。没问题。
　　我想问：如果将A，C中的were全部改为was后，A，C对吗？？in 1986这个状语放在哪里好？？
　　Weiyu的解释：
　　A) in 1986修饰slowed
　　B) in 1986修饰the fifth consecutive year
　　C) in 1986修饰 inflation in medical costs were slowed for the fifth consecutive year.
　　如果C中的were slowed改为slowed个人认为可以接受。|百考试题收集整理

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