我们知道，Oracle在启动过程中，需要读取参数文件(pfile/spfile)来创建实例。Oracle在启动过程中，寻找参数文件的顺序为: spfile.ora,spfile.ora,init.ora. 而创建实例的过程中，Oracle需要的最少参数为一个，即db_name参数。 我们来看一个测试,启动一个任意设置的实例,本例ORACLE_SID=julia: oracle@jumper dbs]$ export ORACLE_SID=julia [oracle@jumper dbs]$ sqlplus "/ as sysdba" SQL*Plus: Release 9.2.0.4.0 - Production on Mon May 8 11:08:36 2006 Copyright (c) 1982, 2002, Oracle Corporation. All rights reserved. Connected to an idle instance. SQL>. startup nomount. ORA-01078: failure in processing system parameters LRM-00109: could not open parameter file /opt/oracle/product/9.2.0/dbs/initjulia.ora Oracle最后检查的文件为initjulia.ora,让我们创建这个文件，然后数据库实例即可创建: SQL>. ! echo "db_name=julia" >. /opt/oracle/product/9.2.0/dbs/initjulia.ora SQL>. startup nomount. ORACLE instance started. Total System Global Area 97588504 bytes Fixed Size 451864 bytes Variable Size 46137344 bytes Database Buffers 50331648 bytes Redo Buffers 667648 bytes 我们可以看一下缺省的各类文件的存储地点: SQL>. show parameter dump_dest NAME TYPE VALUE --------------- ----------------- -------- background_dump_dest string ?/rdbms/log core_dump_dest string ?/dbs user_dump_dest string ?/rdbms/log SQL>. show parameter control_files NAME TYPE VALUE --------------- ----------------- ------------ control_files string ?/dbs/[email protected] 我们顺便看一下缺省的，警报日志中记录的信息: oracle@jumper dbs]$ cat $ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/log/alert_julia.log Mon May 8 11:09:04 2006 Starting ORACLE instance (normal) Mon May 8 11:09:04 2006 WARNING: EINVAL creating segment of size 0x0000000006400000 fix shm parameters in /etc/system or equivalent LICENSE_MAX_SESSION = 0 LICENSE_SESSIONS_WARNING = 0 SCN scheme 2 Using log_archive_dest parameter default value LICENSE_MAX_USERS = 0 SYS auditing is disabled Starting up ORACLE RDBMS Version: 9.2.0.4.0. System parameters with non-default values: db_name = julia PMON started with pid=2 DBW0 started with pid=3 LGWR started with pid=4 CKPT started with pid=5 SMON started with pid=6 RECO started with pid=7 更多优质资料尽在百考试题论坛百考试题在线题库oracle/认证更多详细资料