2009年考研英语冲刺阅读理解专项训练190考研

文章作者 100test 发表时间 2009:01:11 10:06:14
来源 100Test.Com百考试题网

　　 The Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology(FASEB)has jUSt released a report on the career trajectories of young life scientists in the United States．It is likely to give pause to some of those currently considering graduate training as a route to a career in the academic life sciences．
　　 The survey finds that over two decades the number of academically employed lire scientists in tenured or tenure-track positions has remained stuck at about 30，000，while the number of doctoral degrees awarded in the lire sciences has doubled．The data also reveal a hard-to-reach career getting farther out of reach．The age at which the average PhD holder receives his or her first full National Institutes of Health grant has risen from 34 in 1970 t0 42 now．Postdocs，facing such a late start to their professional lives，are increasingly jumping ship to industry．
　　 Postdocs find themselves bouncing around the world from lab to lab，seldom earning much more than they would have done in their first year on the job market with their undergraduate degree．Funding is short，the hours are lon9，and prospects uncertain．
　　 Postdocs have occasionally attempted to band together in solidarity and seek a better settlement from their employers，the institutions and universities．But this movement has been stronger in the social sciences than in the hard sciences．The transient nature of the work，together with its convoluted employment structure，has made it difficult for them to speak effectively with a single voice．Instead,the plight of the postdoc will probably change only if the issue of scientific training is addressed from the top， where it may be necessary to consider the possibility that too many scientists are being trained．
　　 There is an argument that，from a national policy perspective，the current situation is ultimately productive．The pace of discovery is quickened by a sizeable workforce，and able scientists end up doing multiple jobs，most of them in the private sector of the economy．It might not be exactly what the students had in mind in the first place，but the situation hardly constitutes a major cause for concern．
　　 But FASEB’s data suggest that too many graduate schools may be preparing too many students，so that too few young scientists have a real prospect of making a career in academic science．More effort is needed to ensure that recruitment interviews include realistic assessments of prospective students’ expectations and potential in the academic workplace．And training should address broader career options from day one rather than focusing unrealistically on jobs that don’t exist．[427 words]
　　 1．The word“trajectory”(Line 2，Paragraph l)most probably means______．
　　 A．curved path
　　 B．endless track
　　 C．long journey
　　 D．ultimate goal
　　 2．According to the report released by FASEB，______．
　　 A．the career of young life scientists is unpredictable
　　 B．few people can reach tenured or tenure-track positions
　　 C．the academic career in the life sciences is hard to reach
　　 D．one cannot become a lire scientist without graduate training
　　 3．The text suggests that postdocs are______．
　　 A．unable to start their academic career before 42
　　 B．expected to earn much more than undergraduates
　　 C．facing uncertain future despite many years of training
　　 D．supposed to be more Successful in industry than academia
　　 4．The author holds that the postdocs may get rid or their plight if______．
　　 A．they unite together seeking improvement
　　 B．scientific training is directed from the top
　　 C．they speak effectively with a single voice
　　 D．there are much fewer prospective postdocs
　　 5．The author argues that______．
　　 A．too many students are a major cause for concern
　　 B．graduate students should have more career options
　　 C．the huge number of postdocs accelerates discovery
　　 D．graduate students should have realistic expectations
　　 难句透析
　　 ①The survey finds[that over two decades the number of academically employed life scientists in tenured or tenure track positions has remained stuck at about 30，000，while the number of doctoral degrees(awarded in the life sciences)has doubled]．
　　【结构】方括号所标示的“that…the number…has remained…，while the number…has doubled”是谓语动词“finds"的宾语从句。这个宾语从句是由逗号和“while”连接的两个分句组成的并列句。第一个分句的主语是“the number”，谓语动词是“has remained”；第二个分句的主语是“the number”，谓语动词是“has doubled”。
　　【释义】该调查发现，二十多年来，享有终生学术职位的和一定期限后可享有终生学术职位的生命科学家的人数一直保持在3万人左右，而获得生命科学博士学位的人数却增加了一倍。
　　 ②Instead，the plight of the postdoc will probably change[only if the issue of scientific training is addressed from the top．(where it may be necessary to consider the possibility<.that too many scientists are being trained)]．
　　【结构】方括号所标示的“0nly if the issue…is addressed…”是条件状语从句。圆括号所标示的“where it may be necessary…”用做“top”的后置定语从句；其中，代词“it”是形式主语，真正的主语是动词不定式短语“to eonsider the possibility…”。尖括号所标示的“that too many scientists are being trained”用做“possibility”的同位语从句。
　　【释义】只有从上层解决科学人才的培养问题，才可能改变博士后的困境。必须考虑到，正在培养的科学人才可能太多了。
　　 ③The pace of discovery is quickened by a sizeable workforee，and able scientists end up doing multiple jobs， most of them in the private sector of the economy．
　　【结构】此句是由逗号和“and”连接的两个分句组成的并列句。在第二个分句中，逗号后面的部分“most of them…economy”起补充说明作用，相当于“most of them being in the private sector of the economy”，其中现在分词“being”被省略。
　　【释义】科学队伍十分庞大，科学发现的速度不断加快。有才干的科学家最终从事多种不同的工作，其中大多数人在私有经济部门工作。
　　 ④It might not be exactly[what the students had in mind in the first place]，but the situation hardly constitutes a major cause for concern．
　　【结构】此句是由逗号和“but”连接的两个分句组成的并列句。第一个分句中的主语“it”指该段第一句中的“argument”所说的“the current situation is ultimately productive”。方括号所标示的“what the students had in mind in the first place”是表语从句。
　　【释义】学生起初所想的可能与此状况不完全一致，但是，这种状况也不是引起人们关注的主要原因。
　　 ⑤But FASEB’s data suggest[that too many graduate schools may be preparing too many students，(So that too few young scientists have a real prospect of making a career in academic science)]．
　　【结构】方括号所标示的“that too many graduate schools may be preparing…”是谓语动词“suggest”的宾语从句；圆括号所标示的“So that too few young scientists have a real prospect…”是其中的结果状语从句。
　　【释义】但是，美国实验生物学会联合会认为，过多的研究生院正在培养过多的研究生，以至于只有极少数青年科学家真有可能从事学术研究工作。