2009年考研英语冲刺阅读理解专项训练180考研

文章作者 100test 发表时间 2009:01:03 22:52:17
来源 100Test.Com百考试题网

　　 Autistic thinking during sleep is called dreamin9．Reduction in external stimulation while one is asleep permits intrinsic activities to exert a strong influence on thought processes．Some psychoanalytic theorists interpret dreaming as a mechanism for maintaining sleep and fulfilling wishes．Freud held that impulses may be expressed in disguised form when one dreams，particularly if their frank expression would be in conflict with the dreamer’s moral and social standards．Freud wrote that the original wish that prompts dreaming corresponds to the dream’s latent content．Such latent content is to be inferred from the dream as it is directly experienced(the manifest content)．The meaning of any dream，according to Freud，lies in its latent content；to the extent that the latent wish is unacceptable to or threatens the dreamer,he is said to employ mechanisms of symbolic imagery，condensation，displacement，and secondary elaboration to disguise it．①Condensation refers to the combining of elements；by itself，a knife may suggest a hostile weapon，but dreamed of in combination with other eating utensils it appears inn0cuous．In displacement the dreamer shifts an impulse from one object to another；he may dream of slicing a melon(manifest)rather than an enemy(1atent)．Secondary elaboration is the process of imposing structure to increase the coherence and logle of the dream．
　　 Other theorists suggest that in many instances dreams do not hold the latent or hidden significance that Freud assigned them．These critics indicate that dreams may simply be the result of random remembering or of imagery that wells up during sleep．o In such dreamin9，the sequence of dream elements would represent little more than transient associations．
　　 In their efforts to study dreaming in terms of more obj ective evidence，some investigators record electrical activity generated by the brains of sleeping people．People are most likely to say they have been dreaming if they are awakened during a period of so-called rapid eye movement，at which times distinctive changes in brain activity are observable．④When people are chronically wakened whenever such signs of dreaming appear，they tend to develop symptoms of psychological disturbance(e．g．，hallucinatory activity)during daylight hours．When iater permitted to sleep without interruption。they give evidence of dreaming intensively，as if to compensate for previous deprivation．It would appear that dreaming may meet some fundamental physiological need．
　　 Although dreaming largely seems to express intrinsic activity，it can be influenced by external stimuli and is likely to include experiences that symbolize such stimuli．A light tap on the foot of a sleeper，for example，might prompt him to dream of buying a new pair of shoes．[432 words]
　　 1．The first paragraph is mainly about______．
　　 A．the deftnition of dreaming
　　 B．the functions of dreaming
　　 C．the strong influence of intrinsic activities on thought process in sleeping
　　 D．the interpretation of dreaming given by Freud
　　 2．According to Freud’s theory of dreamin9______．
　　 A．the impulses of an individual are always expressed in disguised form in his dreams
　　 B．what is expressed in a dream is never in agreement with the dreamer’s moral and social standards
　　 C．the meaning of any dream is independent of the dreamer’s moral and social standards
　　 D．the dream’s hidden content corresponds closely with the dreamer’s original wish
　　 3．The underlined word“innocuous”in the first paragraph most probably means______．
　　 A．harmless
　　 B．innocent
　　 C．meaningless
　　 D．offensive
　　 4．In the author’s opinion。dreaming is______．
　　 A．an inevitable result of random remembering
　　 B．fl natural phase of sleep
　　 C．an activity for maintaining sleep
　　 D．a mechanism for fulfilling wishes
　　 5．According to this passage，______．
　　 A．external stimulation is rarely involved in dreaming
　　 B．nothing but dreaming can best meet the fundamental physiological need of an individual
　　 C．rapid eye movement during sleeping is a sign of dreaming
　　 D．most theorists tend to assign hidden significance to dreams
　　 超纲词汇
　　 autistic n．孤独症患者(常指儿童)
　　 elaboration n．苦心经营，苦心经营的结果，详尽的细节
　　 innocuous 无害的，无伤大雅的，不得罪人的
　　 intrinsic adj．(指价值、性质)固有的，内在的,本质的
　　 psychoanalytic 理分析的
　　 stimuli n．刺激，刺激物
　　 utensiln．器具
　　 well up涌出，涌现