二、冠词 1、不定冠词a、an:表泛指,用于单数可数名词前,表示任何一个/类。 1.1以辅音音素开头的名词或词组前用a;以元音音素开头的名词或词组前用an a university a European a book an umbrella an hour an error ***不可数名词用作可数名词时,可用a/an,如: She was inspired with a new courage. 1.2常见使用不定冠词的固定搭配: have a cold 患感冒 as a result因此,结果 as a rule 通常 have a good time have a word with与…谈话 have a rest休息一会 in a hurry匆忙地 in a word 总之 once in a while偶尔 take a walk 散步 come to an end 结束 all of a sudden 突然 make a living谋生 make a fire生火 make a fortune发财 a couple of 一对 a great deal of大量的 a lot of 许多 2、定冠词the:表特指,意为这(些)、那(些)。 1) 第二次提到,或双方都已知道的人或事物: There is some water in the cup. The water is hot. Close the door, please.(已知) 2) 单数可数名词前,表示种类: The telephone was invented by Bell. The early bird catches the worms.捷足先登 3) 世界上独一无二的事物,以及表示江河、海洋、山脉等地理名称: the earth the Bible圣经 the Universe 宇宙 the Yangtze River长江 the sun the Lord 上帝 the Pacific Ocean太平洋 the Sahara Desert撒哈拉沙漠 4)限定意味较强的定语: the book you bought yesterday the history of China 5)用于具有鉴别意义的普通名词前,如: the planet Mercury水星 the play "King Lear"剧本《李尔王》 6)其他用法: ①西洋乐器前,表示演奏某种乐器:play the violin (piano) ②某些形容词前,使其名词化,表示这一类人或事物:the poor, the true ③姓氏的复数形式和民族名称前,表示全家和整个民族:the Turners, the Chinese ④逢十的年份前,表示几十年代:in the 1980s ⑤形容词最高级和序数词前:the biggest, the second ⑥某些计量单位的名词前:Apples are sold by the pound. 7)常见使用定冠词的固定搭配: by the way 顺便说一句 in the future 未来 in the morning在上午 in the end 最终 in the meanwhile同时 in the sun在阳光下 on the average平均 on the alert警惕 on the contrary相反 on the right在右边 on the increase增长 on the spot 当场 play the fool 做傻事 keep the house居家不外出 in the dark 在暗处 at the cost of 以…为代价 3、零冠词 1)不可数名词表示泛指时:Without water man cannot live. 2)复数可数名词表示泛指时:Teachers generally like diligent students. 3)专有名词前一般用零冠词:China, Asia, Beijing University, Hyde Park(海德公园) 4)其他用法: ①季节名称前:Summer is coming. ②法定节日前: National Day New Year’s Day ③球类运动和棋类游戏前:play football, play chess(bridge)下棋(打桥牌) ④餐名前:When will lunch be ready? 5)零冠词固定短语: at first at desk(table) 在办公(吃饭) at last on purpose故意 on foot徒步 in debt负债 in trouble陷入困境 at night at sea在海上 at home by accident偶然 in bed 卧床 by chance碰巧 in order of 以…的次序 go to school go to bed in common 相同的 in detail详细地 in hospital住院 in/ after class take place 发生 in return作为回敬 in sight of 看见 on fire在燃烧 make friends with keep in mind记在心里