57. In astronomy the term "red shift" denotes the extent to which light from a distant galaxy has been shifted toward the red, or long-wave, end of the light spec.trum by the rapid motion of the galaxy away from the Earth. (A) to which light from a distant galaxy has been shifted (B) to which light from a distant galaxy has shifted (C) that light from a distant galaxy has been shifted (D) of light from a distant galaxy shifting (E) of the shift of light from a distant galaxy
1.被动语态：(一级排除B,D,E） 有 by …. 是被动语态的标志。 所有的选项都受到 by the rapid motion of the galaxy away from the earth. 的影响。
2. 习语：(二级排除C） denote the extent to … In C, the construction the extent that light is ungrammatical. denotes the extent must be completed by to which.