2008年成人高考专升本英语复习笔记:动词
文章作者 100test 发表时间 2008:03:13 14:23:39
来源 100Test.Com百考试题网
动 词
考试-大纲要求
动词包括时态、被动语态、动名词、分词以及虚拟语气。
(1)动词的分类:及物动词与不及物动词;连系动词;助动词;情态动词。
(2)动词的基本形式:动词原形、过去分词、现在分词;不规则动词的形式
(3)动词主要时态的构成及其用法。包括一般现在时,现在进行时,现在完成时,现在完成进行时,一般过去时,过去进行时,过去完成时,完成进行时,一般将来时,将来完成时,过去将来时。
(4)情态动词及其基本用法。
(5)非谓语动词(不定式、动名词、分词)的形式及主要用法。
(6)被动语态的构成及其基本用法。
(7)虚拟语气的常见形式及其基本用法。
一、动词的分类
动词类型 在句子中的用法
及物动词 后面接宾语
不及物动词 后面不接宾语,或接"介词/副词 宾语"
连系动词 后面接表语
助动词 后面接动词原形
情态动词 后面接动词原形,或接动词的完成式
二、动词的基本形式
动词除原形外,还有过去式、过去分词和现在分词三种形式。
(一)过去式和过去分词的构成
1.一般情况下在原形后加-ed.如:work-worked, help-helped.
2.以e结尾的单词,在原形后加-d.如:like-liked, joke-joked, hope-hoped.
3. 以"辅音字母 y"结尾的单词,变y为i再加-ed.如:study-studied, carry-carried, copy-copied.
4.以重读闭音节、末尾只有一个辅音字母结尾的单词,双写末尾的辅音字母再加-ed.如:stop-stopped, prefer-preferred, admit-admitted, plan-planned.
有些动词的过去式和过去分词有特殊的形式。
cost-cost-cost
meet-met- met
catch-caught-caught
rise-rose-risen
drive-drove- driven
get-got-got/gotten
leave-left-left
smell-smelt/smelled-smelt/smelled
tell-told-told
take-took-taken
(二)现在分词的构成
1.一般情况下在原形后加-ing.如:go-going, carry-carrying, play-playing, answer-answering, ask-asking.
2.以不发音的e结尾的单词,去e加-ing .如:live-living, come-coming, dance-dancing, write-writing.
3.以重读闭音节、末尾只有一个辅音字母结尾的词,双写末尾的辅音字母再加-ing . 如:sit-sitting, begin-beginning, permit-permitting, run-running, forget-forgetting.
有些动词的现在分词有其特殊形式。如:die-dying, lie-lying, tie-tying, picnic-picnicking.
三、动词的主要时态
(一)一般现在时
一般现在时表示经常性或习惯性的动作、现在的特征和状态、普遍真理等。
Galileo said the earth moves around the sun.
一般现在时的谓语形式:
1.当动词为实义动词,如read, go, look时,谓语用动词原形,否定句在动词前面加do not ,疑问句加助动词do .常和always, often, usually, sometimes, everyday等表示时间的状语连用。
I go to school everyday.
I read the newspapers after lunch.
Do you agree with me?(agree with sb. 同意某人观点)
I don t quite agree with you.
主语为第三人称单数时,动词后面一般加s(具体变化规则与名词变复数相同)。否定句加does not, 疑问句加does .
My father gets up at six everyday.
He loves sports.
Does it hurt?
Does Miss Wu teach us English?
The machine doesn t run smoothly.
2.当动词为be时,谓语随人称和数的不同用am, is, are 三种形式。
One is not guilty until he is proved. 在被证明有罪之前, 人都是无罪的。
Knowledge is power.知识就是力量。
She isn t afraid to go to school alone now.
Are you from Yunnan?(be from 来自……地方)
What she says is true.
3.当动词为have, 表示"有"时,谓语用have, 主语为第三人称单数时,用has. 否定句相应用haven t, hasn t, 或don t have , doesn t have, 疑问句将have, has 提至主语前面或加助动词do, does.
My sister has a lot of toys.
She always have a lot of homework to do.