2008年考研英语考前三套题(三)

文章作者 100test 发表时间 2008:01:23 09:43:52
来源 100Test.Com百考试题网

Section ⅠUse of English　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
Directions：　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
Read the following text. Choose the best word（s） for each numbered blank and mark A， B， C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. （10 points）　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
In the United States， the first day nursery， was opened in 1854. Nurseries were established in various areas during the1half of the 19th century； most of 2 were charitable. Both in Europe and in the U.S.， the day nursery movement received great 3during the First World War， when4of manpower caused the industrial employment of unprecedented？numbers of women. In some European countries nurseries were established5in munitions plants， under direct government sponsorship.6the number of nurseries in the U.S. also rose7， this rise was accomplished without government aid of any kind. During the years following the First World War， 8， Federal， State， and local governments gradually began to exercise a measure of control9the day nurseries， chiefly by10them and by inspecting and regulating the conditions within the nurseries.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
The11of the Second World War was quickly followed by an increase in the number of day nurseries in almost all countries， as women were12called upon to replace men in the factories. On this13the U.S. government immediately came to the support of the nursery schools，14$6，000，000 in July， 1942，for a nursery school program for the children of working mothers. Many States and local communities15this Federal aid. By the end of the war， in August， 1945， more than 100，000 children were being cared16in daycare centers receiving Federal 17. Soon afterward， the Federal government18cut down its expenditures for this purpose and later19them， causing a sharp 0drop in the number of nursery schools in operation. However， the expectation that most employed mothers would leave their20at the end of the war was only partly fulfilled.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
1. \[A\] latter \[B\]late \[C\] other\[D\]first　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
2. \[A\] those \[B\]them \[C\]whose \[D\]whom　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
3. \[A\]impetus \[B\] input \[C\]imitation \[D\]initiative　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
4. \[A\] sources \[B\] abundance \[C\]shortage \[D\]reduction　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
5. \[A\] hardly \[B\] entirely \[C\]only \[D\]even　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
6. \[A\] Because \[B\] As\[C\]Since \[D\]Although　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
7. \[A\] unanimously \[B\]sharply \[C\]predominantly \[D\]militantly　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
8. \[A\] therefore \[B\]consequently \[C\]however \[D\]moreover　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
9. \[A\] over \[B\]in \[C\]at \[D\]about　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
10. \[A\] formulating \[B\]labeling \[C\]patenting \[D\]licensing　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
11. \[A\] outset \[B\]outbreak \[C\]breakthrough \[D\]breakdown　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
12. \[A\] again \[B\]thus \[C\]repeatedly \[D\]yet　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
13. \[A\] circumstance \[B\]occasion \[C\]case \[D\]situation　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
14. \[A\] regulating \[B\]summoning \[C\]allocating \[D\]transferring　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
15. \[A\] expanded \[B\]facilitated \[C\]supplemented \[D\]compensated　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
16. [A\]by \[B\]after \[C\]of \[D\]for　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
17. \[A\] pensions \[B\]subsidies \[C\]revenues \[D\]budgets　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
18. \[A\]prevalently \[B\]furiously \[C\]statistically \[D\]drastically　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
19. \[A\]abolished \[B\]diminished \[C\]jeopardized \[D\]precluded　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
20. \[A\] nurseries \[B\]homes \[C\]jobs \[D\]children　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
Section ⅡReading Comprehension　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
Part A　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
Directions：　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A， B， C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. （40 points）　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
Text1　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
Human relations have commanded people‘s attention from early times. The ways of people have been recorded in innumerable myths， folktales， novels， poems， plays， and popular or philosophical essays.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
Although the full significance of a human relationship may not be directly evident， the complexity of feelings and actions that can be understood at a glance is surprisingly great. For this reason psychology holds a unique position among the sciences. “Intuitive” knowledge may be remarkably penetrating and can significantly help us understand human behavior， whereas in the physical sciences such commonsense knowledge is relatively primitive. If we erased all knowledge of scientific physics from our modem world， not only would we not have cars and television sets， we might even find that the ordinary person was unable to cope with the fundamental mechanical problems of pulleys and levers.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
On the other hand， if we removed all knowledge of scientific psychology from our world， problems in interpersonal relations might easily be coped with and solved much as before， we would still “know” how to avoid doing something asked of us and how to get someone to agree with us； we would still “know” when someone was angry and when someone was pleased. One could even offer sensible explanations for the “whys” of much of the self‘s behavior and feelings. In other words， the ordinary person has a great and profound understanding of the self and of’ other people which， though unformulated or only vaguely conceived， enables one to interact with others in more or less adaptive ways. Kohler， in referring to the lack of great discoveries in psychology as compared with physics， accounts for this by saying that “people were acquainted with practically all territories of mental life a long time before the founding of scientific psychology.”　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
Paradoxically， with all this natural intuitive， commonsense capacity to grasp human relations， the science of human relations has been one of the last to develop. Different explanations of this paradox have been suggested. One is that science would destroy the vain and pleasing illusions people have about themselves； but we might ask why people have always loved to read pessimistic， debunking writings， from Ecclesiastes to Freud. It has also been proposed that just because we know so much about people intuitively， there has been less incentive for studying them scientifically； why should one develop a theory， carry out systematic observations， or make predictions about the obvious？ In any case， the field of human relations， with its vast literary documentation but meager scientific treatment， is in great contrast to the field of physics in which there are relatively few nonscientific books.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
21.Why did the author say that “psychology holds a unique position among the sciences”？　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
\[A\] Commonsense understanding of human relations can be incisive.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
\[B\] Subjective bias is difficult to control in psychological research.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
\[C\] Intuitive knowledge in the physical sciences is relatively advanced.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
\[D\] The full meaning of a human relationship may not be obvious.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
22.According to the passage， it has been suggested that the science of human relations was slow to develop because　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
\[A\] early scientists were more interested in the physical world　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
\[B\] scientific studies of human relations appear to investigate the obvious　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
\[C\] the scientific method is difficult to apply to the study of human relations　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
\[D\] people generally seem to be more attracted to literary than to scientific writings about human relations　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
23.It can be inferred that for people before the advent of scientific psychology the author would most likely agree with.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
\[A\] Their understanding of human relations was quite limited　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
[B\] They were uninterested in acquiring knowledge of the physical world　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
\[C\] They misunderstood others more frequently than do people today　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
\[D\] Their intuitions about human relations were reasonably sophisticated　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
24.It can be inferred that the author assumes that commonsense knowledge of human relations is.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
\[A\] equally well developed among all adults within a given society　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
\[B\] considerably more accurate in some societies than in others　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
\[C\] biased insofar as it is based on myths and folktales　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
\[D\] usually sufficiently accurate to facilitate interactions with others　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
25.The author‘s attitude to treat human relations scientifically is relatively .　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
\[A\] uninterested？\[B\] uninterruptible \[C\] pessimistic？\[D\] encouraging　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
Text2　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
Every country with a monetary system of its own has to have some kind of market in which dealers in bills， notes， and other forms of shortterm credit can buy and sell. The “money marker” is a set of institutions or arrangements for handling what might be called wholesale transactions in money and shortterm credit. The need for such facilities arises in much the same way that a similar need does in connection with the distribution of any of the products of a diversified economy to their final users at the retail level. If the retailer is to provide reasonably adequate service to his customers， he must have active contacts with others who specialize in making or handling bulk quantities of whatever is his stockintrade. The money market is made up of specialized facilities of exactly this kind. It exists for the purpose of improving the ability of the retailers of financial servicescommercial banks， savings institutions， investment houses， lending agencies， and even governmentsto do their job. It has little if any contact with the individuals or firms who maintain accounts with these various retailers or purchase their securities or borrow from them.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
The elemental functions of a money market must be performed in any kind of modem economy， even one that is largely planned or socialist， but the arrangements in socialist countries do not ordinarily take the form of a market. Money markets exist in countries that use market processes rather than planned allocations to distribute most of their primary resources among alternative uses. The general distinguishing feature of a money market is that it relies upon open competition among those who are bulk suppliers of funds at any particular time and among those seeking bulk funds， to work out the best practicable distribution of the existing total volume of such funds.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
In their market transactions， those with bulk supplies of funds or demands for them， rely on groups of intermediaries who act as brokers or dealers. The characteristics of these middlemen， the services they perform， and their relationship to other parts of the financial vary widely from country to country. In many countries there is no single meeting place where the middlemen get together， yet in most countries the contacts among all participants are sufficiently open and free to assure each supplier or user of funds that he will get or pay a price that fairly reflects all of the influences （including his own） that are currently affecting the whole supply and the whole demand. In nearly all cases， moreover， the unifying force of competition is reflected at any given moment in a common price （that is， rate of interest） for similar transactions. Continuous fluctuations in the money market rates of interest result from changes in the pressure of available supplies of funds upon the market and in the pull of current demands upon the market.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
26.The first paragraph is mainly about.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
\[A\] the definition of money market　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
\[B\] the constitution of a money market　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
\[C\] the basic functions of a money market　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
\[D\] the general feature of a money market　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
27.According to this passage， the money market.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
\[A\] provides convenient services to its customers　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
\[B\] has close contact with the individuals or firms seeking funds　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
\[C\] maintains accounts with various retailers of financial services　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
\[D\] is made up of institutions who specialize in handling wholesale monetary transactions　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
28.Which of the following statements concerning money market is not true according to this passage？　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
\[A\] Money market does not exist in planned economies.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
\[B\] Money market has been established in some socialist countries.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
\[C\] Money market encourages open competition among bulk suppliers of funds.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
\[D\] Money market relies upon market processes to distribute funds to final users.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
29.The author uses the example of middleman to show.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
\[A\] market transactions are important in different countries　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
\[B\] dealers are needed in doing business　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
\[C\] middlemen can play great role in different transactions and different countries　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
\[D\] middlemen in different countries have different actions in business　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
30.According to this passage　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
\[A\] brokers usually perform the same kinds of services to their customers　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
[B\] brokers have little contact with each other　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
\[C\] open competition tends to result in a common price for similar transactions at any given moment　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
\[D\] changes in the pressure of available supplies of funds upon market tends to maintain a common price for similar transactions