文章作者 100test 发表时间 2007:11:14 12:43:47
来源 100Test.Com百考试题网
史实:黑人从南方到北方In the two decades between 1910 and 1930, over ten percent of the Black population of the United States left the South, where the preponderance of the Black population had been located, and migrated to northern states, with the largest number moving, it is claimed, between 1916 and 1918. 老观点:来自农村地区It has been frequently(老观点)(-) assumed, but not proved, that the majority of the migrants in what has come to be called the Great Migration came from rural areas and were motivated by two concurrent factors: 第一个原因:南方的棉花工业崩溃the collapse of the cotton industry following(原因) the boll weevil (boll weevil: n. 棉籽象鼻虫) infestation感染, which began in 1898, and 第二个原因:北方增加对劳动力的需求increased demand in the North for labor following(原因) the cessation of European immigration caused by the outbreak of the First World War in 1914. This assumption has led to the conclusion that the migrants’ subsequent lack of economic mobility *8A in the North is tied to(原因) rural background, a background that implies unfamiliarity with urban living and a lack of industrial skills.
新观点:其实来自城市地区But (新观点)the question of who actually left the South has never been rigorously investigated. Although(转折) numerous investigations document an exodus from rural southern areas to southern cities prior to the Great Migration, (可以直接看后半句就好了,意思与前半句完全相反)no one has considered whether the same migrants then moved on to northern cities. In 1910 over 600,000(一个数字,要看) Black workers, or也就是 ten percent of the Black work force, reported themselves to be engaged in “manufacturing and mechanical pursuits,” the federal census*1D category概念,范畴 roughly encompassing the entire industrial sector. The Great Migration could easily have been made up entirely of this group and their families.(新观点概括,主题句) It is perhaps surprising to argue that (预期反对) an employed population could be enticed to move*2C, but an explanation lies in the labor conditions then prevalent in the South.(承上启下)
新观点的证据:为什么搬About thirty-five percent of the urban Black population in the South was engaged in skilled trades. Some were from the old artisan class of slavery—blacksmiths, masons, carpenters(小列举,三项,不用看)—which had had a monopoly of certain trades, but they were gradually being 第一个原因pushed out被排挤 by competition, mechanization, and obsolescence. The remaining sixty-five percent, more recently urbanized, worked in newly developed industries—tobacco, lumber, coal and iron manufacture, and railroads. 第二个原因Wages in the South*3*4A, however, were low, and Black workers were aware, through labor recruiters*4B and the Black press*4E, that they could earn more even(暗示工资差异) as unskilled workers in the North than they could as artisans in the South. After the boll weevil infestation, urban Black workers faced 第三个原因competition*4C from the continuing influx of both Black and White rural workers, who were driven to undercut*3A竞相削价 the wages formerly paid for industrial jobs. Thus(小总结), a move north would be seen as advantageous to a group that was already urbanized and steadily employed, and the easy conclusion tying their subsequent economic problems in the North to(原因) their rural background*5C comes into question.
1. The author indicates explicitly