文章作者 100test 发表时间 2007:10:10 12:41:29
来源 100Test.Com百考试题网
Genes Key to Future Cancer Cures
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With an increasing number of biological clues available, doctors hope they will be able to customize more patients treatments based on their genetic profiles .
In research presented at a meeting of the European Cancer Organization in Barcelona, experts said this week that these clues will help doctors determine not only which patients will probably develop cancer, but even those who will relapse , or be suitable for specific treatments.
"We are going to witness a revolution in cancer treatment," said Dr. Martine Piccart, head of medicine at the Institut Jules Bordet in
The real test, however, will be if doctors can then figure out what to do next.
"It s never encouraging to say to a patient that she s going to do poorly because of her genes," Piccart said. "We need to be able to offer patients an effective treatment."
Piccart and colleagues have been working to confirm the genetic sequences for women susceptible to breast cancer.
Tailoring treatment based on patients genes is being used now on a limited basis. Doctors have been deciding how to treat women with breast cancer depending on their tumor type for the last few years. A simple genetic test can identify breast cancer patients who will actually benefit from chemotherapy, making the toxic side effects worthwhile.
But learning more about breast cancer has also given experts new tools to fight other cancers.
A study presented at the
"We know quite a bit about breast cancer genes, and now we re looking into the black box of what role they might play in other cancers," said Dr. Gordon McVie, a cancer expert at the European Institute of Oncology.
The problem, McVie said, is that even though researchers may understand a little about what a thousand of the genes involved in cancer do, there are about 31,000 others that they don t.
Other studies presented in
Cancer is an incredibly complicated disease, and is influenced by other variables like diet and environmental exposure. Even if researchers can identify the genetic components responsible, many factors remain beyond doctors control.
"We haven t had any big genetic hits ," McVie said, explaining that while scientists have identified genes that predispose people to cancers including breast, bowel , ovarian and colon, those make up only a small amount of all cancers.
"Cracking the genetic code is still a very imprecise science," he said.
Also, on Monday, German researchers said they had developed a test to identify cancer cells circulating in the blood of breast cancer patients. That could potentially enable doctors to catch cancer cells en route to another location — and give them time to intervene to prevent a tumor.
Dr. Julia Juckstock and colleagues at the
"This is a fascinating development," said Dr. John Smyth, a professor of medical oncology at the
Instead of a blanket approach to treatment, Smyth said that the test could help doctors pinpoint those women in whom breast cancer was likely to spread and needed extra care.
【 Vocabulary 】
relapse ~ (into sth) to go back into a previous condition or into a worse state after making an improvement: They relapsed into silence.
susceptible ~ (to sb/sth) very likely to be influenced, harmed or affected by sb/sth
twist an unexpected change or development in a story or situation
triple to become, or to make sth, three times as much or as many
ovarian
colon (anatomy) the lower part of the large INTESTINE (= part of the bowels) 结肠
bowel one of a system of tubes below the stomach in which solid waste collects before it is passed out of the body 肠
variable noun a situation, number or quantity that can vary or be varied
hit noun If someone who is searching for information on the Internet gets a hit, they find a website where there is that information.
imprecise
Preliminary ~ (to sth) happening before a more important action or event
blanket You use blanket to describe something when you want to emphasize that it affects or refers to every person or thing in a group, without any exceptions.
【 Homework 】
1. Please translate the sentence into Chinese.
A study presented at the
2. ”With an increasing number of biological clues available, doctors hope they will be able to customize more patients treatments based on their genetic profiles .”
What the best meaning of the profiles here?
A. the outline of a person s face when you look from the side, not the front
B. a description of sb/sth that gives useful information
C. the general impression that sb/sth gives to the public and the amount of attention they receive
D. the edge or outline of sth that you see against a background
3. How many kinds of cancers are mentioned in this article?
4. Which statement is ture?
A. "We are going to witness a revolution in cancer treatment," said Dr. McVie
B. German researchers said they had developed a test to identify cancer cells circulating in the blood of colon cancer patients.
C. Dr. John Smyth is a professor of medical oncology at the
D. Dr. Julia Juckstock and colleagues at the
参考答案:
1. 周二的巴塞罗纳大会上发表了一项研究.该研究查明了一个令人意想不到的现象:拥有特定过于活跃的乳癌基因的病人对于化疗的反应要低于肺癌(病人)的.
(twist: an unexpected change or development in a story or situation)
(翻译的不好,仅供参考)
2.B
3.four-- including breast, bowel, ovarian and colon
4.C
(A: Dr. McVie-- Dr. Martine Piccart
B: colon cancer--breast cancer
D:the University of Tuft---the University of Munich
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