在确定好一条条的扩展句后,怎样把这些句子流畅而连贯地组合在一起呢?这便是关联词发挥作用的时候了。在英语中,句与句之间、段与段之间一般都有连词或关联词连接,通过这些词读者能够很清楚地明白文章前后的逻辑联系。适当使用关联词是四级写作必备的技能,大家应该要引起特别重视。常用的关联词分为四类:
1、列举类
列举法常用在议论文中,当作者提出一个论点后,可通过列举出一系列事实对其进行说明或论证。列举类关联词有:
first(ly), second(ly),... finally. for one thing, for another. on the one hand, on the other hand. moreover. furthermore. what s more. in addition. besides. first of all. in the first place, in the second place. (at)last. then. next. the last but not the least
2、举例类
举例法是用事例或数据对中心观点进行说明论证的方法,举例类关联词有:
for example. for instance. such as. like. take...for example. a case in point. namely. in other words. that is. especially. in particular
3、比较和对比
比较是把两种或两种以上的事物进行比较,以辨别出它们的相似之处;对比是将这些事物进行对照,辨别其差异而指出各自的特征和本质。这类关联词有:
but. however. yet. otherwise. while. in contrast. by contrast. on the contrary. similarly. likewise. like. conversely. rather than. instead. on the other hand. equally. nevertheless. nonetheless. unlike. still. in the same way. compared with...
4、 因果类
as a result. since. because(of). thanks to. due to. owing to. for this reason. hence. thus. therefore. on this/that account. on account of. consequently
5、总结类
总结法是指在表达了一个观点或举了一个例子后,进行总结、给出概括,这类关联词有:
in this case. according to. in a word. in brief. in short. to sum up.