英语写作的整体模式之中间段

文章作者 100test 发表时间 2007:06:22 12:07:50
来源 100Test.Com百考试题网

中间段是文章的正文，其作用是从不同的层面对文章主题进行具体和详实的解释和论证。 1）中间段的一般特征①篇幅一般比开头段和结尾段长。

②每段有相应的主题句。

③包含定义、解释、描写，说明主题思想的扩展句可以采用实例、数据或个人经历等写作手段。

④不同种类的段落采用不同的扩展手段。

2）中间段的具体特点①所涉及内容应该准确、清楚，颇具说服力；②段落中一定具备主题句；③段落内容应该保持完整、统一，没有说明不足之处或多余冗长的细节；④内容顺序安排合理，逻辑性较强；⑤段落之间连贯自然；⑥段落中讨论的内容主次分明，材料比例适当；⑦词与句型运用合理并且有变化。

3）中间段展开的基本方法①列举法例文：There are a number of ways for us to keep fit. First， no matter how busy we are， we should have exercise every day to strengthen our muscles. Second， it is important to keep good hours. For example， if we are in the habit of going to bed early and getting up early， we can avoid overworking ourselves and get enough sleep. Finally， entertainment is also necessary so that we may have some moments of relaxation. If we follow those instruction. We will certainly be in good health.②比较对比法例文：The older form of communication is speech. In the beginning of human history， people could only use direct verbal speech to communicate. But it had many shortcomings. For instance， we could not speak to a person far away when we needed. So distance was a problem. And the spoken word could not be kept secret easily. So people wanted to invent a new method of communication. The next big step forward in communication was the invention of writing. Writing is one of human beings most important inventions. It solved the problem of distance and keeping secrets， but it too had disadvantages. The written word could not be passed on quickly， so people tried to find a new quicker method of communication. The most recent development had been electronic means of communication， including the wireless telegraph， radio， telephone and television. The invention and use of electronic means has solved all the problems mentioned above. They are the most effective methods of communication. People will certainly try their best to invent even more modem and useful methods.③因果法例文：The hamburger is the most popular food item in the United States. Every year Americans consume billions of them. They are sold in expensive restaurants and in humble diners. They are cooked at home on the kitchen stove or over a barbecue grill in the backyard. Why are they so popular？

First， a hamburger is extremely easy to prepare. It is nothing more than a piece of ground beef， cooked for a few minutes. Then it is placed in a sliced bun. Nothing could be simpler. Even an unskilled cook can turn out hundreds of them in an hour. Besides that， the simple hamburger can be varied in many ways. You can melt some cheese on top of the beef to create a cheeseburger. You can also add some grilled bacon for an interesting flavor contrast. In addition， you can garnish the hamburger with other things such as lettuce， tomato， onion， mushrooms， avocado， pickles， hot pepper， ketchup， relish， mayonnaise， mustard or whatever you wish！

④例证法例文：The saying“No pains， no gains”is universally accepted because of the plain yet philosophical moral it teaches： if one wants to achieve something， he has to work and tolerate more than others. The saying is true of any pursuit man seeks. A case in point is boxing. While we heap cheers on the winner， few happen to imagine that his gold belt is won at the cost of his sweat， tears， blood， even life over years before the arrival of that exciting moment.⑤发展过程法例文：To build your own sunscope， get a carton and cut a hole in one side， big enough to poke your head through. Paste white paper on the inside surface that you will be facing. Then punch a pinholesintosthe opposite side high enough so that the little shaft of light will miss your head. For a sharper image you can make a better pinhole by cutting a one-inch square hole in the carton， taping a piece of aluminum foil over this hole， and then making the pin-hole in the foil. Finally， tape the box shut and cover all light leaks with black tape.⑥定义法例文：Diligence is the key to success. It means persistent work and does not mean that we are to exert ourselves all day and night without rest， without food and without sleep. The true meaning of diligence is the careful use of time for the purpose of improvement， or to work persistently without any waste of time.⑦分类法例文：Nowadays the news media mainly consists of radio， television and newspapers. Each type has its own advantages and disadvantages. Newspapers are the oldest form for communicating the news. Today many people still begin their day by reading the morning paper whileshavingsbreakfast， and end their day by reading the evening paper whileshavingsdinner. The invention of the radio has had a tremendous influence on the world. It is able to bring up-to-minute news to distant places in a matter of seconds. Thus the development of the radio has made the world a smaller place. Television is the most recently developed device for communication. It allows us to see as well as to hear the news. The fact that it enables people to see visual images has had a considerable effect on our perceptions of world event. 4）中间段的常用核心句型Although the popular belief is that…， a current （new / recent） study　（survey / poll / investigation） indicates （shows / demonstrates） that…。