四六级语法指导：无被动语态的及物动词

文章作者 100test 发表时间 2007:05:08 17:28:34
来源 100Test.Com百考试题网

　众所周知，英语的被动语态是由be＋及物动词的过去分词构成。有人认为似乎所有的及物动词都可转换成相应的被动语。其实不然，至少在某种意义上，有些及物动词不能用于被动语态。

一、当句子的谓语是表示“拥有”、“容纳”、“缺少”概念的及物动词时。例如：

1．The millionaire possesses great wealth．这位百万富翁拥有大量的财富。
不能说：Great wealth is possessed by the millionaire．
2．The newly-constructed reservoir holds a lot of water．新水库蓄水量很大。
不能说：A lot of water is held by the newly-constructed reser-voir．
3．The house comprises five rooms．这幢房子有五个房间。
不能说：Five rooms are comprised by the house．
4，John Smith always lacks confidence．约翰·史密斯总是缺乏自信心。
不能说：Confidence is always lacked by John Smith．

二、当句子的谓语是表示“适合”的及物动词，如suit，become，fit等时，没有相应的被动语态。
1．The blue skirt becomes Mary very well．这条蓝裙子玛丽穿上去很合适。
不能说：Mary is become very well by the blue skirt．
2．Will the date suit you？这个日子对你合适吗？
不能说：Will you be suited by the date？
3．We should fit our deeds to our words．我们应该言行一致。
不能说：Our deeds should be fitted to our words by us．

三、当句子的谓语是表示“相互作用”的及物动词，如：equal，mean，resemble等时。
1．No one equals him in intelligence．他的智力是无与伦比的。
不能说：He is equaled by no one in intelligence．
2．Revolution means liberating productive force．革命就是解放生产力。
不能说：Liberating productive force is meant by revolution．
3．The two boys resemble each other in appearance．这两个男孩长得相似。
不能说：Each other is resembled by the two boys in appearance．

四、当句子的谓语是表示“明白”意义的及物动词，如：get，catch，take时，也没有相应的被动语态。
1．The boy said，“I didn’t catch the last two words．”这个男孩说：“我没听清楚最后两个词。”
不能说：The boy said，“The last two words weren’t caught by me．”
2．I don’t take you at all．你说的我一点也不懂。
不能说：You aren’t taken by me at all．

五、动词have作“有、接受、度过、吃、经历”解时，没有被动语态。
1．I have five good dictionaries．我有五本好词典。
不能说：Five good dictionaries are had by me．
2．I had three letters from Mr．Green．我收到过格林先生三封信。
不能说：Three letters were had by me from Mr．Green．
3．We shall have a good Spring Festival．我们将过一个愉快的春节。
不能说：A good Spring Festival will be had by us．