2008年曹其军考研英语阅读理解StepbyStep(2)

文章作者 100test 发表时间 2007:04:02 11:45:04
来源 100Test.Com百考试题网

Text 1

　　The recent, apparently successful, prediction by mathematical models of an appearance of El Nino—the warm ocean current that periodically develops along the Pacific coast of South America—has excited researchers. Jacob Berknes pointed out over 20 years ago how winds might create either abnormally warm or abnormally cold water in the eastern equatorial Pacific. 1) Nevertheless, until the development of the models no one could explain why conditions should regularly shift from one to the other, as happens in the periodic changes between appearances of the warm El Nino and the cold socalled antiEl Nino. The answer, at least if the current model that links the behavior of the ocean to that of the atmosphere is correct, is to be found in the ocean.

　　2) It has long been known that during an El Nino, two conditions exist: A) unusually warm water extends along the eastern Pacific, principally along the coasts of Ecuador and Peru, and B) winds blow from the west into the warmer air rising over the warm water in the east. These winds tend to create a feedback mechanism by driving the warmer surface water into “piles” that block the normal rising of deeper, cold water in the east and further warm the eastern water, thus strengthening the wind. The contribution of the model is to show that the winds of an El Nino, which raise sea level in the east, simultaneously send a signal to the west lowering sea level. According to the model, that signal is generated as a negative Rossby wave, a wave of depressed sea level, that moves westward parallel to the equator at 25 to 85 kilometers per day. 3) Taking months to travel across the Pacific, Rossby waves march to the western boundary of the Pacific basin, which is modeled as a smooth wall but in reality consists of quite irregular island chains, such as the Philippines and Indonesia.
来源：www.examda.com
　　When the waves meet the western boundary, they are reflected, and the model predicts that Rossby waves will be broken into numerous coastal Kelvin waves carrying the same negative sealevel signal. These eventually shoot toward the equator, and then head eastward along the equator propelled by the rotation of the Earth at a speed of about 250 kilometers per day. When Kelvin waves of sufficient amplitude arrive from the western Pacific, their negative sealevel signal overcomes the feedback mechanism tending to raise the sea level, and they begin to drive the system into the opposite cold mode. This produces a gradual shift in winds, one that will eventually send Rossby waves westward, waves that will eventually return as cold cycleending Kelvin waves, beginning another warming cycle.

1 It was not until the appearance of mathematical models that
［A］ El Nino was defined as unusually warm or cold ocean currents.
［B］ the occurrences of E1 Nino were inaccurately predicted.
［C］ the cause of regular El Nino was correctly interpreted.
［D］ the shifts in ocean currents were linked to atmospheric conditions.

2 Which of the following best describes the organization of the first paragraph?
［A］ A model is described and its value assessed.
［B］ A result is reported and its importance explained.来源：www.examda.com
［C］ A phenomenon is noted and its significance debated.
［D］ A hypothesis is introduced and contrary evidence presented.

3 According to the model, which of the following signals the disappearance of an E1 Nino?
［A］ The arrival in the eastern Pacific of negative Kelvin waves.
［B］ A shift in the direction of the winds produced by an antiEl Nino.
［C］ The reflection of Kelvin waves reaching the eastern border of the Pacific.
［D］ An increase in the speed at which negative Rossby waves cross the Pacific.

4 Which of the following would most seriously undermine the validity of the model?
［A］ El Nino extends much farther along the coasts of Ecuador and Peru during some years.
［B］ The rising of cold water in the eastern Pacific depends on the local characters.
［C］ The variations in the time for Rossby waves to cross the Pacific rely on the wind power.
［D］ The Pacific irregular western coast hinders most Kelvin waves from heading eastward.

5 The primary purpose of the text as a whole is to
［A］ introduce a new explanation of physical phenomenon.来源：www.examda.com
［B］ explain the difference between two natural phenomena.
［C］ illustrate the limits of applying mathematics to complex problems.
［D］ clarify the distinction between an old explanation and a new model.

难句突破

1 Nevertheless, until the development of the models no one could explain why conditions should regularly shift from one to the other, as happens in the periodic changes between appearances of the warm El Nino and the cold socalled antiEl Nino.
【解析】本句话的主干是“no one could explain why...”。until引导的短语作状语；why引导的是宾语从句；as引导的是非限定性定语从句，修饰前面的句子。periodic应译成“周期性的”；appearance应译成“发生”。

2 It has long been known that during an El Nino, two conditions exist: A) unusually warm water extends along the eastern Pacific, principally along the coasts of Ecuador and Peru, and B) winds blow from the west into the warmer air rising over the warm water in the east.
【解析】本句话的主干是“It has long been known that...”。it是形式主语，真正的主语是后面的that引导的从句；冒号后面的句子是在解释前面的句子，其中的principally along the coasts of Ecuador and Peru是插入语，rising over...短语修饰air。

3 Taking months to travel across the Pacific, Rossby waves march to the western boundary of the Pacific basin, which is modeled as a smooth wall but in reality consists of quite irregular island chains, such as the Philippines and Indonesia.
【解析】本句话的主干是“Rossby waves march to the western boundary...”。Taking months...短语作状语；which引导的非限定性定语从句修饰Pacific basin，其中的such as短语是在举例说明前面的内容。Rossby wave应译成“罗斯比波浪”；march to应译成“来到”；island chain应译成“岛屿群”。