oracle问题集(四)

文章作者 100test 发表时间 2007:03:14 13:46:17
来源 100Test.Com百考试题网


  136. 将N秒转换为时分秒格式?

  set serverout on
  declare
  N number := 1000000.
  ret varchar2(100).
  begin
  ret := trunc(n/3600) || 小时 || to_char(to_date(mod(n,3600),sssss),fmmi"分  "ss"秒") .
  dbms_output.put_line(ret).
  end.

  137. 如何查询做比较大的排序的进程?

  SELECT b.tablespace, b.segfile#, b.segblk#, b.blocks, a.sid, a.serial#, a.username, a.osuser, a.status
  FROM v$session a,v$sort_usage b
  WHERE a.saddr = b.session_addr
  ORDER BY b.tablespace, b.segfile#, b.segblk#, b.blocks .

  138. 如何查询做比较大的排序的进程的SQL语句?

  0select /* ORDERED */ sql_text from v$sqltext a
  where a.hash_value = (
   0select sql_hash_value from v$session b
   where b.sid = &.sid and b.serial# = &.serial)
  order by piece asc .

  139. 如何查找重复记录?

  SELECT * FROM TABLE_NAME
  WHERE ROWID!=(SELECT MAX(ROWID) FROM TABLE_NAME D
  WHERE TABLE_NAME.COL1=D.COL1 AND TABLE_NAME.COL2=D.COL2).

  140. 如何删除重复记录?

  DELETE FROM TABLE_NAME
  WHERE ROWID!=(SELECT MAX(ROWID) FROM TABLE_NAME D
  WHERE TABLE_NAME.COL1=D.COL1 AND TABLE_NAME.COL2=D.COL2).

  141. 如何快速编译所有视图?

  SQL >SPOOL VIEW1.SQL
  SQL >SELECT ‘ALTER VIEW ‘||TNAME||’
  COMPILE.’ FROM TAB.
  SQL >SPOOL OFF
  然后执行VIEW1.SQL即可。
  SQL >@VIEW1.SQL.

  142. ORA-01555 SNAPSHOT TOO OLD的解决办法

  增加MINEXTENTS的值,增加区的大小,设置一个高的OPTIMAL值。

  143. 事务要求的回滚段空间不够,表现为表空间用满(ORA-01560错误),回滚段扩展到达参数MAXEXTENTS的值(ORA-01628)的解决办法.

  向回滚段表空间添加文件或使已有的文件变大;增加MAXEXTENTS的值。

  144. 如何加密ORACLE的存储过程?

  下列存储过程内容放在AA.SQL文件中
  create or replace procedure testCCB(i in number) as
  begin
  dbms_output.put_line(输入参数是||to_char(i)).
  end.

  SQL>wrap iname=a.sql.
  PL/SQL Wrapper: Release 8.1.7.0.0 - Production on Tue Nov 27 22:26:48 2001
  Copyright (c) Oracle Corporation 1993, 2000. All Rights Reserved.
  Processing AA.sql to AA.plb
  运行AA.plb
  SQL> @AA.plb .

  145. 如何监控事例的等待?

  0select event,sum(decode(wait_Time,0,0,1)) "Prev",
  sum(decode(wait_Time,0,1,0)) "Curr",count(*) "Tot"
  from v$session_Wait
  group by event order by 4.

  146. 如何回滚段的争用情况?

  0select name, waits, gets, waits/gets "Ratio"
  from v$rollstat C, v$rollname D
  where C.usn = D.usn.

  147. 如何监控表空间的 I/O 比例?

  0select B.tablespace_name name,B.file_name "file",A.phyrds pyr, A.phyblkrd pbr,A.phywrts pyw, A.phyblkwrt pbw
  from v$filestat A, dba_data_files B
  where A.file# = B.file_id
  order by B.tablespace_name.

  148. 如何监控文件系统的 I/O 比例?

  0select substr(C.file#,1,2) "#", substr(C.name,1,30) "Name", C.status, C.bytes, D.phyrds, D.phywrts
  from v$datafile C, v$filestat D
  where C.file# = D.file#.

  149. 如何在某个用户下找所有的索引?

  0select user_indexes.table_name, user_indexes.index_name,uniqueness, column_name
  from user_ind_columns, user_indexes
  where user_ind_columns.index_name = user_indexes.index_name
  and user_ind_columns.table_name = user_indexes.table_name
  order by user_indexes.table_type, user_indexes.table_name, user_indexes.index_name, column_position.

  150. 如何监控 SGA 的命中率?

  0select a.value b.value "logical_reads", c.value "phys_reads",
  round(100 * ((a.value b.value)-c.value) / (a.value b.value)) "BUFFER HIT RATIO"
  from v$sysstat a, v$sysstat b, v$sysstat c
  where a.statistic# = 38 and b.statistic# = 39
  and c.statistic# = 40.

  151. 如何监控 SGA 中字典缓冲区的命中率?

  0select parameter, gets,Getmisses , getmisses/(gets getmisses)*100 "miss ratio", (1-(sum(getmisses)/ (sum(gets) sum(getmisses))))*100 "Hit ratio"
  from v$rowcache
  where gets getmisses <>0
  group by parameter, gets, getmisses.

  152. 如何监控 SGA 中共享缓存区的命中率,应该小于1% ?

  0select sum(pins) "Total Pins", sum(reloads) "Total Reloads",
  sum(reloads)/sum(pins) *100 libcache
  from v$librarycache.

  0select sum(pinhits-reloads)/sum(pins) "hit radio",
sum(reloads)/sum(pins) "reload percent"
  from v$librarycache.

  153. 如何显示所有数据库对象的类别和大小?

  0select count(name) num_instances ,type ,sum(source_size) source_size , sum(parsed_size) parsed_size ,sum(code_size) code_size,sum(error_size) error_size,
sum(source_size) sum(parsed_size) sum(code_size) sum(error_size) size_required
  from dba_object_size
  group by type order by 2.

  154. 监控 SGA 中重做日志缓存区的命中率,应该小于1%

  SELECT name, gets, misses, immediate_gets, immediate_misses,
  Decode(gets,0,0,misses/gets*100) ratio1,
  Decode(immediate_gets immediate_misses,0,0,
  immediate_misses/(immediate_gets immediate_misses)*100) ratio2
  FROM v$latch WHERE name IN (redo allocation, redo copy).

  155. 监控内存和硬盘的排序比率,最好使它小于 .10,增加 sort_area_size

  SELECT name, value FROM v$sysstat WHERE name IN (sorts (memory), sorts (disk)).

  156. 如何监控当前数据库谁在运行什么SQL语句?

  SELECT osuser, username, sql_text from v$session a, v$sqltext b
  where a.sql_address =b.address order by address, piece.

  157. 如何监控字典缓冲区?

  SELECT (SUM(PINS - RELOADS)) / SUM(PINS) "LIB CACHE" FROM V$LIBRARYCACHE.
  SELECT (SUM(GETS - GETMISSES - USAGE - FIXED)) / SUM(GETS) "ROW CACHE"   FROM V$ROWCACHE.
  SELECT SUM(PINS) "EXECUTIONS", SUM(RELOADS) "CACHE MISSES WHILE EXECUTING"   FROM V$LIBRARYCACHE.
  后者除以前者,此比率小于1%,接近0%为好。
  SELECT SUM(GETS) "DICTIONARY GETS",SUM(GETMISSES) "DICTIONARY CACHE GET MISSES"
  FROM V$ROWCACHE

  158. 监控 MTS

  0select busy/(busy idle) "shared servers busy" from v$dispatcher.
  此值大于0.5时,参数需加大
  0select sum(wait)/sum(totalq) "dispatcher waits" from v$queue   where type=dispatcher.
  0select count(*) from v$dispatcher.
  0select servers_highwater from v$mts.
  servers_highwater接近mts_max_servers时,参数需加大

  159. 如何知道当前用户的ID号?

  SQL>SHOW USER.
  OR
  SQL>0select user from dual.

  160. 如何查看碎片程度高的表?

  SELECT segment_name table_name , COUNT(*) extents
  FROM dba_segments
  WHERE owner NOT IN (SYS, SYSTEM)
  GROUP BY segment_name
  HAVING COUNT(*) = (SELECT MAX( COUNT(*) ) FROM dba_segments
  GROUP BY segment_name).

  161. 如何知道表在表空间中的存储情况?

  0select segment_name,sum(bytes),count(*) ext_quan from dba_extents
  where tablespace_name=&.tablespace_name and segment_type=TABLE
  group by tablespace_name,segment_name.

  162. 如何知道索引在表空间中的存储情况?

  0select segment_name,count(*) from dba_extents
  where segment_type=INDEX and owner=&.owner
  group by segment_name.

  163、如何知道使用CPU多的用户session?

  11是cpu used by this session
  0select a.sid,spid,status,substr(a.program,1,40) prog,a.terminal,osuser,value/60/100 value
  from v$session a,v$process b,v$sesstat c
  where c.statistic#=11 and c.sid=a.sid and a.paddr=b.addr
  order by value desc.

  164. 如何知道监听器日志文件?

  以8I为例
  $ORACLE_HOME/NETWORK/LOG/LISTENER.LOG

  165. 如何知道监听器参数文件?

  以8I为例
  $ORACLE_HOME/NETWORK/ADMIN/LISTENER.ORA

  166. 如何知道TNS 连接文件?

  以8I为例
  $ORACLE_HOME/NETWORK/ADMIN/TNSNAMES.ORA

  167. 如何知道Sql*Net 环境文件?

  以8I为例
  $ORACLE_HOME/NETWORK/ADMIN/SQLNET.ORA

  168. 如何知道警告日志文件?

  以8I为例
  $ORACLE_HOME/ADMIN/SID/BDUMP/SIDALRT.LOG

  169. 如何知道基本结构?

  以8I为例
  $ORACLE_HOME/RDBMS/ADMIN/STANDARD.SQL

  170. 如何知道建立数据字典视图?

  以8I为例
  $ORACLE_HOME/RDBMS/ADMIN/CATALOG.SQL

  171. 如何知道建立审计用数据字典视图?

  以8I为例
  $ORACLE_HOME/RDBMS/ADMIN/CATAUDIT.SQL

  172. 如何知道建立快照用数据字典视图?

  以8I为例
  $ORACLE_HOME/RDBMS/ADMIN/CATSNAP.SQL



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