1.“达到”怎么译? “达到”可用reach或amount to,但amount to 表示几个部分相加后得到的总和,和add up to,total,number的意思一样。 2.operation一词的意思 operation有“运转”,“操作”,“工作”等意思,因此工厂“投入生产”,铁路“开始通车”,公司“开始营业”等都可能go into/step into/begin operation(s),如: the factory went into operation in1992. operation还有“经营”的意思,“经营机制”是operation mechanism,“经营自主”是autonomy in operation.“扩大生产/经营”可用expand operation 表达,如: The enterprise expanded its operation into an iron and steel complex. 3.capacity一词的意思 capacity表示最大生产量,容量或运载量,如: annual production capacity freighters with a total capacity of 100,000 tons capacity 也表示人的“能力”,“才干”,“本领”,如: not working to capacity意思是“本领没有使出来”,“才干没有完全发挥”。 4.同义词、近义词辨析: 1)factory, plant, works, mill, complex等: factory, plant, works, mill 都是工厂. factory 泛指一般工厂,如 food factory, tractor factory plant 多指电器业或机械制造业,一般用于以下工厂: water power plant, machine-building plant, chemical plant。 works 多用于钢铁等重工业,如 iron and steel works, gas works, cement works。 mill 原意是“磨坊”,现泛指“工厂”,多用于轻工业,尤其是纺织工业,如: cotton/textile/silk/woolen mill, lumber/saw mill, steel mill, heavy steel rolling mill complex 指“联合企业”,如 chemical complex, iron and steel complex, building complex。 在现代报刊中,以上用法大都依照习惯,有时没有明确界限或区别。值得注意的是有些词专指特殊的工厂,如smeltery 冶炼厂、foundry 铸造厂、tannery制革厂。 2) equipment, facility: equipment 和 facility 都可译作“设备”,“器材”,但equipment 是不可熟名词,指用于某一特殊目的的东西,供给品,装备等。如: a completer of equipment an important piece of equipment basic kitchen equipment stereo equipment facility 是可数名词,常用复数形式。facilities指为一特殊活动或目的所提供的种种便利,包括设备、建筑物和服务等等。如: production facilities facilities for study facilities for travel sports facilities