凡是出现but, yet, however, nevertheless, although, (even) though, while, whereas, notwithstanding, despite, in spite of, in contrast (to), on the contrary, on the other hand, whatever, otherwise, ironically, paradoxically, curiously, surprisingly 等带有转折逆转含义的题目,则代入空格的正确选项必与中心线索构成语义对立的反义词关系。
例 Ⅰ:
It is true that seeds of some plants have --------- after two hundred years of dormancy, but reports that viable seeds have been found in ancient tombs such as pyramids are entirely ---------.
Even though some genetic mutations may be useful under certain circumstances, most are unconditionally --------- in all existing environments.
(A) expendable
(B) androgynous
(C) prevalent
(D) ancillary
(E) 0deleterious
〖解答〗
以Even though 引导的让步状语从句与主句构成对立相反的关系,将中心线索定位于useful一词,则求得其反义词(E)0deleterious(有害的,造成伤害的)。
〖词汇〗
expendable: 可消耗的
androgynous: 雌雄同序(体)的,两性畸形的,(服饰等)男女不分的
prevalent: 普遍的,盛行的
ancillary: 从属的,附属的,辅助的
〖中译〗
尽管某些遗传变异在有些情况下不无益处,但绝大多数此类变异在现存的所有环境中均是绝然有害的。
例Ⅲ:
The term "rare earth" is in fact a ----------, for , paradoxically, the rare-earth elements are in actuality ----------, being present in low concentration in virtually all minerals.
(A) truism ... essential
(B) misnomer ... ubiquitous
(C) disclaimer ... ephemeral
(D) metaphor ... figurative
(E) mnemonic ... unmemorable
〖解答〗
先处理空格Ⅱ:从paradoxically(矛盾地)可判断所谓的"rare earth"存在着某种相反的情形,空格Ⅱ为形容词,可将中心线索定位于同为形容词的"rare",求得一反义词即可,此为第一种解法。另一解法是:空格Ⅱ后接一补充说明性质的分词短语,所代入的词语与"being present in virtually all minerals"构成同义,则唯(B)ubiquitous(普遍存在的)正确。空格Ⅰ:既然"rare earth"作为一个术语,名不符实,故可称其为(B)misnomer。
While not completely nonplussed by the unusually caustic responses from members of the audience, the speaker was nonetheless visibly ---------- by their lively criticism.