文都2006年春季六级词汇讲义——构词法

文章作者 100test 发表时间 2007:02:25 18:26:59
来源 100Test.Com百考试题网

一、大纲要求
领会式掌握5500单词(其中复用式掌握的单词为3000)，以及由这些词构成的常用词组(中学所掌握的单词和词组包括在内)，并具有按照构词法识别生词的能力。
二、构词法来源：www.examda.com
1. Prefixes
1).dis- (not, the opposite of)disadvantage, dislike, disagree, disappear, disarm, disaster, disastrous *, disappoint, disable *, disability, discharge, disclose *, discount, discourage, discover, discovery, discrepancy *, disease, disguise, disgust, dishonest, dismay *, disorder, dispatch *, disperse *, displace *, disregard *, distort *, distract *

2).in- (not, in, into)inability, incorrect, inability, incapable, inhuman, injustice, informal, inside, include, inclusive *, income, increase, increasingly, incredible, indefinite, independence, independent, indifferent, indirect, indispensable, individual, indoor, inertia *, inevitable, infamous ^, infinite, inhabit *, inhabitant, inherent *, inject *, injection, inland *, inlet *, inner, innocent, innumerable *, input, inquire, inquiry, insane *, insert, inside, insight, insist, inspect, inspiration *, inspire, install, installation, installment *, instance, instant, instinct, insulate *, intense, interior, internal, into, intrinsic, invade, invalid *, invaluable *, invariably *, invasion, invert *, investigate, invisible, involve, inward
3). im- (not, in, into)impossible, imbalance, immature, immoral, impatient, implicit *, impress, impression, import, immigrate, imprison, immerse
4).il-(not)illegal, illogical
5).ir- (not)irregular, irresponsible, irrespective *
6).un- (not)unable, uncover, undo, undoubtedly, undress ^, uneasy, unemployment *, unexpected, unfold *, unfortunately, unimportant, unlike, unload, unusual
7).non- (not)nonsmoker, nonexistence, non-cooperation, nonstop, nonmetal, nonresident, nonsense
8).mis- (wrong, wrongly)misjudge, misunderstand, mislead, misspell, misstep, misfortune, misuse
9).de- (showing the opposite, to remove, to reduce)deform, deface, demobilize, destruction, deforest, denationalize, depress, depression, devalue, decode ^, decrease, degenerate *, degrade *, descend, descendant *, descent *, devalue
10). pre- (before, in advance)prefix ^, pre-historic, precaution, precede *, preceding, preclude *, predecessor *, predict, predominant *, preface, prejudice, preliminary, premature *, premier *, premise *, premium *, preparation, prepare, prepay, preside *, president, presumably, presume *, pretext *, prevail, prevent, previous, prewar来源：www.examda.com
11).ante-, (before, in advance)anteroom, ante-Christian, antemeridian, anticipate, antique
12).fore- (in advance, before, in or at the front)forehead, foreman ^, foretell ^, foresee *,

forefather ^, foreleg, forerunner *, fore ^, foremost, forecast, forewarn
13).ex- (former) ex-minister, ex-president, ex-Soviet Union, ex-wife, export, exclude, exclusive, excursion, exhibit, exile *, exit, exotic *, expand, expansion, expedition *, expel *, expend *, expenditure *, expense, explode, explosion, explosive, expose, exposition *, exposure, express, expression, extend, extension, extensive, exterior, external, extinct, *, extra, extract *
14).post- (later than, after)postgraduate, post-war, postmeridian ^, postpone, postscript ^
15). sub- (under, below, less important)sub, subject, subway, subtitle, submarine *, sub-zero, submerge, submit, subordinate *, subscribe *, subsection, subsequent, subsidiary *, subsidy *, substance, substantial, substitute, subtract, suburb
16). infra- (under) infrastructure ^, infrared ^
17). re- (again, back to a former state)react, reaction, recall, recede *, receipt, recipient *, reclaim *, recognize, recognition, record, recorder, recover, recovery, recreation, recur *, recycle *, redundant *, reflect, reflection, reflexion, reform, refrain *, refresh, refreshment *, refund *, refute *, reinforce, reject, remember, remind, removal, remove, renaissance *, renew, repay *, repeat, repeatedly, repel *, repetition, replace, replacement, reply, report, reporter, represent, representative, repression *, reproduce, respect, respond, response, responsibility, responsible, restore, resume, return, reunion *, reuse, review, revise, revive*
18). co-, col-, com-, con-, cor-(with together)co-existence, cooperate, cooperative *, co-author, coalition *, coherent *, coincide *, coincidence *, collaboration *, colleague, collide *, collision, compassion, concentric, conjoin, coordinate, correlation
19). inter- (between, among)international, interchangeable, interdependent, interpersonal, interview, interact *, interaction, intercourse *, interface ^, interfere, interference, Internet, interrupt, interval, intervene *

20). macro- (large) macroeconomics ^, macrocosm ^, macrostructure
21). micro- (extremely small)microcomputer, microeconomics ^, microscope, microphone, microsurgery
22). super- (greater or more than) super, supermarket, supersonic *, superman, superpower, supernatural, supervise *, superb, superficial, superintendent *, superior, superiority *, supreme
23). sur- (more than, beyond)surplus, surtax, surface, surpass *, surround, survival, survive, suspect
24). ultra- (beyond, very, too)ultramodern, ultrasound, ultra-violet *
25). auto- (of or by oneself) auto, autocriticism, autoland, automobile, automation *, automatic, autobiography ^, autonomous *, autonomy *
26) .mal- (bad, badly)malfunction, maltreat ^, malnutrition ^, malpractice ^
27). tele- (at or over a long distance, by or for television)telegram, television, telegraph, telephone, telecommunications *, telescope, telescreen, teleswitch, televise ^
28).semi-, hemi- (half)semicircle ^, semiconductor, semi-colony ^, hemisphere *
29). uni-, mono- (one)uniform, unify *, union, unique, unit, unite, unity, universe, universal, university, monologue ^, monopoly *, monotonous *, carbon monoxide
30).bi-, di- (two) biweekly, bicycle, bilateral ^, billion, dialogue, carbon dioxide
31).tri- (three) tricycle ^, triangle, trilogy ^, triple
32). quadri-, quadru- ^ (four)quadruple ^, quadrangle ^
33). penta- ^ (five)pentagon, Pentagon, Pentium
34).hexa- ^ (six) hexagon, hexangular
35) .sept- ^ (seven) September, Sept-Wolves
36). octa- ^(eight) octagon, octave, octopus, October
37). nona- ^(nine)nonagon, November
38). deci-, deca- (ten)decade, decimal *来源：www.examda.com
39). centi- (hundredth part) centigrade, centimeter, centipede ^, century
40). kilo- (thousand)kilo, kilometer, kilogram(me), kilowatt ^
41). mill- (thousand)millennium ^, millimeter
42).multi- (many)multi-purpose, multinational, multiple, multiply, multitude
43).counter-, anti-, contra- (opposite, against)counterattack, counterclockwise, counterrevolutionary, antibiotic, antimatter, antiwar, contradict *, contradiction, contramissile, contranatural, contrary, contrast
44).mini- (smallest, short)minibus, miniskirt, minimum, minister, minimize, ministry, minor, minority, minute
45). max- (greatest)maximum, maximal ^, maximize ^
46). out- (outside, beyond)outdo, outwit, outlive, outnumber, outdoor, outstanding, outskirts ^, outward, outcome, outer, outing *, outline, outlook, output, outrage *, outside
47). over- (too much, above, additional) overwork, overuse, overtake, overpass *, overthrow *, overturn *, overall, overdue ^, overhead, overhear *, overlook, overseas
48). trans- (across, on or to the other side of)transaction *, transatlantic, transcend *, transfer, transform, transistor *, transit *, transition *, translate, translation, transmission, transmit, transmitter ^, transparent, transplant, transport, transportation
49). under- (too little, below)underdevelopment, underestimate, undergraduate, underground, underlie ^, underline, undersea, underlying *, undermine *, underneath, underwear^
50). neo- (new)neo-Nazism ^, neolithic ^
51). be- (cause to be or have)befriend, belittle
52). bio- (life)biology, biography *, autobiography, antibiotic
53). en- em- (cause to become, put into the stated condition)embody, empower, endanger, enlarge, enrich
54). extra- (outside, beyond)extracurricular, extraordinary
55).mid- (middle)midday, midnight
56).poly- (many)polycentric, polydirectional
57). pseudo- (not real, false)pseudomemory, pseudoscience
58). thermo- (heat)thermochemistry, thermometer
59). vice- (next in rank below)vice-chairman, vice-president

2. Suffixes
Nouns
1).ant, -entapplicant, component, servant, student
2). er, -or, -aremployer, interviewer, trainer, painter, New Yorker, Northerner, lighter, cooker, conductor, beggar
3).eeabsentee, abandonee, employee, interviewee, trainee
4). eerengineer, pioneer
5).an, -ian, -arian historian, humanitarian, librarian, musician, Canadian
6). eseChinese, Japanese
7). istartist, Marxist, capitalist
8). ism socialism, capitalism, mechanism来源：www.examda.com
9). -ability, -ibilityability, flexibility
10). age postage, shrinkage
11). alarrival, refusal
12). ance, -enceappearance, reference
13). ancy, -encyemergency, expectancy
14). cyaccuracy, bankruptcy
15). domfreedom, kingdom, wisdom
16). erybravery, cookery
17). essactress, lioness
18). ettecigarette, novelette, cassette
19). ful handful, spoonful
20). hood childhood, brotherhood, neighborhood
21). ics economics, electronics, mechanics, physics, mathematics, politics
22). ion(-sion, -ssion -ition, -ation)decision, discussion, inflation, translation, action, correction
23). ity, -tyreality, curiosity, purity, security, certainty, cruelty, difficulty, loyalty, poverty, safety
24). mentmovement, agreement, harassment
25). nesscarelessness, greatness, friendliness, weakness, tiredness
26). ologyfuturology, geology, biology, musicology, psychology, anthropology ^
27). ship hardship, friendship, sportsmanship
28). thbirth, death, breadth, strength, truth
29). -ureclosure, exposure
Adjectives
30).able, -ibleacceptable, admissible, avoidable, eatable, countable, notable *, suitable, variable
31). al educational, additional, normal, natural, essential
32).an, -arian, -ian suburban, disciplinarian, Canadian
33). ant, -entdifferent, resultant
34). ary, -oryadvisory, customary
35). ate considerate, fortunate
36). engolden, wooden, woolen
37). ernnorthern, southern
38). eseChinese, Japanese
39). freecarefree, troublefree
40). ful careful, painful
41).ic, -icalatomic, biological, economic, economical, historic, historical, scientific, medical, mechanic, mechanical
42). ishselfish, childish, womanish, greenish, reddish, yellowish, Swedish, Danish
43). ivecreative, decisive, supportive
44). lessuseless, fruitless, boundless, groundless, hopeless, jobless
45). likechildlike, ladylike
46). ly manly, monthly
47). ous, ious, -uous, -eousvarious, continuous, courageous
48).proof airproof, bulletproof, fireproof, waterproof
49). some tiresome ^, lonesome, quarrelsome, troublesome, worrisome ^
50). ward downward, homeward
51). hairy, noisy
Verbs
52). endeepen, fasten, lengthen, strengthen, harden
53). ifybeautify, classify, electrify, horrify, modify, simplify
54). ize, -yze, -ise, -yse analyze, modernize, industrialize, popularize, specialisation ^, professionalisation ^

Adverbs
55).lyclearly, easily, quickly
56).ward, -wards inward, outward, upward, downward, homeward, northwards
57). -wise clockwise, otherwise
3. Stems
1). aero (air) aerial *, aeroplane, aeronautics ^
2). agri (land)agriculture, agronomy ^
3). ann (year) anniversary, annual, semiannual, centennial
4). astro, aster (star) astrology ^, astronomy *, astronaut ^, disaster, asteroid来源：www.examda.com
5). audi (to hear)audience, auditorium ^, audit ^, auditor ^, auditory ^ audio-visual
6). bell (war)rebel, rebellion, rebellious, belligerent
7) .ced (to go) precede, precedent, unprecedented, exceed, proceed, succeed
8). cid, cis (to cut, to kill)decide, decision, decisive *, concise, suicide, homicide, pesticide
9). claim (to cry, to shout) exclaim, proclaim, acclaim, clamor
10). clar (clear) declare, clarify, clarity *
11). cord (heart)cordial, concord, discord ^, accord
12). cred (to believe, to trust) credible, incredible, credulous, credit, credential
13). dent (tooth) dental, dentist *
14). dict (to say)contradict, dictate, dictator, predict, indicate, indicative
15). fact (to do, to make) factory, manufacture, benefactor, malefactor
16). flu (to flow) fluent, influence, influenza (flue), fluid
17). geo (earth) geography, geometry, geology *, geopolitics ^
18). gram, graph (to draw, to write)diagram, telegram, program, photograph, geography, telegraph
19). insul (island)insulate, insulator ^, insular, peninsula
20). ject (to throw)project, inject, reject, subject, eject
21). liber (free) liberate, liberty (at liberty), liberal, liberalism ^
22). liter (letter) literate ^, literacy, illiterate, illiteracy, literature, literary, literal *, literally*
23). log (to speak)dialogue, apology, prologue, monologue, logic
24). manu (hand)manuscript *, manufacture, manufacturer, manual, manage, management, manager
25). medi (middle) immediate, medium, media, mediate, medieval, median
26). mort (death)mortal, immortal, mortality
27). nov (new)novel, novelty, novice, innovate
28). ori (to rise) orient, oriental, Oriental, orientation, origin, original, originate, disorient
29). pend (to hand, money)depend, dependent, dependency, dependable, independent, suspend, expend, spend, expenditure, expense, expensive, pension
30). port (to carry) portable, import, export, deport, porter, support
31). pur (pure)purify *, purity *, Puritan ^
32). rect (correct, straight)correct, rectify *, erect
33). rupt (to break) interrupt, disrupt, bankrupt, bankruptcy, corrupt
34). sal (salt)salary, salad
35). sist (to stand)resist, resistance, resistible, consist, assist, exist, insist, persist
36). spect (to look)spectacle, spectacular, prospect, retrospect, inspect, respect, suspect, circumspect ^, spectator *, conspicuous *, perspective
37). spir (breath)inspire, inspiration, spirit来源：www.examda.com
38). tract (to draw) tractor, attract, protract, contract, abstract, extract, distract
39). urb (city)urban, suburb, suburban
40).vac (empty)vacant, vacation, vacuum
41). vit (life)vital, vitality, vitamin, vitalize
42). vis (to see) visible, vision, visual, visit, visitor, advice, supervise, television
43). viv (to live) survive, survival, survivor, revival, vivid, vivacity来源：www.examda.com
(注:标* 的为六级词汇，标^的为高级词汇)