III． 做完型填空题的具体办法 •.认识考试基本词汇（4200以上）是做题的基础，这是考试前就应该解决的问题。在此基础上，了解一些做题方法，可以有效地提高应试能力。根据考试要求，本项考试既包括词汇、语法结构，也包括语言连贯性和一致性。下面，我们相应地从词汇语法和语义逻辑两个方面作介绍。 •.1. 词汇语法 •.1.1 介词 •.1. John looked very much embarrassed when he was caught cheating in the exam the spot. •.[A] on [B] by [C] at [D] in •.这是介词搭配题，四个选项均为介词，只有on 与the spot搭配表示“现场的”才符合题意。 •.介词是英语里应用最活跃的词类之一，常与名词、动词和形容词搭配，实际上多数习惯用语都含有介词。请看下例： •.Although interior design has existed since the beginning of architecture, its development into a specialized field is really quite recent. Interior designers have become important partly because of the many functions that might be 1 in a single large building. •.The importance of interior design becomes evident when we realize how much time we 2 surrounded by four walls. Whenever we need to be indoors, we want our surroundings to be as attractive and comfortable as possible. We also expect 3 place to be appropriate to its use. You would be shocked if the inside of your bedroom were suddenly changed to look 4 the inside of a restaurant. And you wouldn’t feel 5 in a business office that has the appearance of a school. •. It soon becomes clear that the interior designer’s most important basic 6 is the function of the particular space. For example, a theater with poor sight lines, poor sound-shaping qualities, and - 9 - 2005 工程硕士辅导 水木艾迪培训学校 电话:010-62796032 7 few entries and exits will not work for its purpose, no matter ho w beautifully it might be 8 . Nevertheless, for any kind of space, the designer has to make many of the same kind of 9 . He or she must coordinate the shapes, lighting and decoration of everything from ceiling to floor. 10 addition, the designer must usually 0select furniture or design built-in furniture, according to the functions that need to be served. •.1. [A] consisted [B] contained [C] composed [D] comprised •.2. [A] spend [B] require [C] settle [D] retain •.3. [A] some [B] any [C] this [D]each 4. [A] like [B] for [C] at [D]into 5. [A] correct [B] proper [C] right [D]suitable 6. [A] care [B] concern [C] attention [D]intention 7. [A] too [B] quite [C] a [D]far 8.[A]painted[B]covered[C]ornamented[D]decorated 9. [A] solutions [B] conclusions [C] decisions [D] determinations 10. [A] For [B] In [C] As [D] With •.答案： •.1-5：B A D A C 6-10：B A D C B •.从以上实例来看，做介词选项题时要特别注意，介词与前面的动词或后面的名词能否构成习惯用语或成语，如果能，所选项往往就属于正确答案的范围。当然，还需要从上下文来检验一下，符合语意就可以确定了。那么，哪些介词是考生复习时应该注意的呢？下面我们作了个统计。 •.历年研究生入学英语考试（包括统考）cloze考题出现的介词有（黑体为答案）： •.[A] In [B] On [C] By [D] With [A] for [B] by [C] in [D] through •. [A] like [B] for [C] at [D] into •. [A] For [B] In [C] As [D] With •. [A] of [B] at [C] for [D] on •. [A] upon [B] by [C] through [D] with •. [A] On [B] With [C] For [D] By •. [A] at [B] in [C] about [D] for •. [A] at [B] in [C] on [D] with •. [A] for [B] against [C] of [D] towards •. [A] with [B] to [C] from [D] by •. [A] of [B] for [C] beyond [D] into •.从以上统计看，考题中普通介词出现频率很高， 其中 with ，in ，by，for 出现率最高。可见，看起来不起眼的词汇往往是最容易考到的。由于它们日常使用率高，成为考查的重点也就自然了。在这方面多下工夫很有价值，有必要把这些介词的常见搭配进行复习总结。 •.By •.Little by little, year by year, •.by accident, by good luck, •. reduce by half, by mistake, •.by force, by sight (面熟)， •. by means of, by virtue of (凭借)， •.honest by nature, by chance, •.by request (应邀)， step by step, •.larger by half (大一半)， •.by way of, by far, •.learn by heart, by air, •.too many by one (多一个)， •.a doctor by profession (职业为医生)， •.For •.Bound for, for all (尽管)， •.for the moment (暂时)，for life (终生)， •.for good (永远), answer for （负责）, •.be responsible for account for, •.convenient for, necessary for, admiration for, appetite for, candidate for, preference for, •.sympathy for, charge for, demand for, •.Make for, arrange for, crave for, •.yearn for, thirst for, hunt for, •.apply for, wait for, go in for, •.long for, pray for, take for •.famous for, compensation for, •.have a taste for, •.in stock, in particular, •.in terms of, in respect to, •.in the light of (根据)， in time, •.in vain, engaged in, in honor of, in addition, in brief, in essence, in possession of, in part, in turn, in all, be indulged in, in general •.With •.in line with, in touch with, •.in contact with, tremble with fear, •.with a firm hand, with the exception of, •.be acquainted with, be busy with, •.be bored with, confronted with, •.Be endowed with (被赋予…), •.concerned with, be satisfied/content with, identical with, strict with, •.compromise with, conflict with, •. encounter with, get along with, •.coincide with, go with, •.match with, keep up with, •.deal with, part with, •.put up with