•.1.5 语法 •.4. [C] •.本题考查了被动语态的用法。这种题能反映出语法基本功是否扎实。大多数考生都知道被动语态由助动词be加接物动词的过去分词构成，可是涉及到完成时、进行时和将来时的被动语态时，不是每个考生都那么清楚了。这儿需要的是完成时被动态，由have加been, 再加动词的过去分词构成。做语法题时需要考虑主谓一致，时态一致，名词、代词的性、格是否一致等。 这一类“纯语法题”在考试中出现较少。 •.2. 语义逻辑 •.先看例子： •.John looked very much when he was caught cheating in the exam on the spot. •.[A] encouraged [B] embarrassed [C] disappointed [D] excited •.这种题不同于我们前面讨论的词汇语法题，仅从语言本身考虑往往解决不了问题，而是需要考虑上下文的语义关联，根据语境线索进行推断，甚至要求助与常识。 •.做这类题必须要把握上下文，甚至驾驭全篇，具体可以从因果、并列、递进、转折、让步等逻辑关系方面入手进行合理推断，找出答案，如： •.1) As a result, the trip had to be canceled, and they •. returned home _____ and unhappy. •.2) Even among the young we find an incomprehension •. of change: students so ignorant of the past that they •. see nothing unusual about the _____. •.3) The voyage began because I was terrified of Cape •. Horn. If anything terrifies me, I must ______ it. •.4) Indeed without Einstein’s theory, which was the •. result of many complicated mathematical calculations, •. there would never have been any practical _____ of •. nuclear power. •.5) Among many people there is an uneasy mood – a •. suspicion that change is out of control. Not everyone, •. ______, shares this anxiety. •.也可以利用前文概念已知或下文概念重现等线索找到答案。这里讲的“已知”、“重现”包括原词，近义词，解释性语言，代词，指示词等形式，如： •.1) A product must be something that __1___ will choose to buy. This gives the consumers some power. Whatever they are willing and able to buy is called demand. ___2___ is made and offered for sale is called supply. The demand for a product or service always affects the __3___ of that - 14 - 2005 工程硕士辅导 水木艾迪培训学校 电话:010-62796032 product or service. •.2) Many of you are studying English and you may be wondering why it is so difficult to learn. It is actually not that difficult to learn if you know some basic facts about the language and culture that _____reflects. •.我们以下题为例（黑体的表示可以从语义逻辑角度解题）： •. Manpower Inc., with 560,000 workers, is the world’s largest temporary employment agency. Every morning, its people 1 into the offices and factories of America, seeking a day’s work for a day’s pay. •. One day at a time. 2 industrial giants like General Motors and IBM struggle to survive 3 reducing the number of employees, Manpower, based in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, is booming. •. 4 its economy continues to recover, the US is increasingly becoming a nation of part timers and temporary workers. This “ 5 ” work force is the most important 6 in American business today, and it is 7 changing the relationship between people and their jobs. The phenomenon provides a way for companies to remain globally competitive 8 avoiding market cycles and the growing burdens 9 by employment rules, healthcare costs and pension plans. For workers it can mean an end to the security, benefits and sense of 10 that came from being loyal employee. •.1. [A] swarm [B] stride [C] separate [D] slip •.2. [A] For [B] Because [C] As [D] Since •.3. [A] from [B] in [C] on [D] by •.4. [A] Even though[B] Now that[C] If only[D] Provided that •.5. [A] durable [B] disposable [C] available [D] transferable •.6. [A] approach [B] flow [C] fashion [D] trend •.7. [A] instantly [B] reversely [C] fundamentally[D]sufficiently •.8. [A] but [B] while [C] and [D] whereas •.9. [A] imposed [B] restricted [C] illustrated [D] confined •.10. [A] excitement [B] conviction [C] enthusiasm [D] importance •. 本文大意是：“临时就业”雇佣方式的出现，为美国公司开辟了一条道路，使其既不失国际竞争力，又可以免受市场周期的冲击，避免就业法规、医疗保险和养老金方案带来的日益增加的负担；而对雇员来说，这将意味着作为一个忠实雇员所享有的安全感、福利以及隶属公司的优越感一去不复返了。 •. 总之，完型填空题可以从语法结构和语义逻辑两个方面着手，根据具体情况，采取词汇法或语义推断法找出答案。