2005年10月联考完型填空部分考点讲解

文章作者 100test 发表时间 2007:02:25 10:14:37
来源 100Test.Com百考试题网

2005年10月联考完型填空部分考点讲解

一、总论：

归根结底，完型填空的题目就是在基本的语法、词汇考点的基础上，再加上阅读的上下穿梭的逻辑能力，所以说完型填空考题是以一合三的考法。其考点包括如下几点：

1. 语法题

(1) 语法的2个考点

考点一 从句 （重点）

考点二 非谓语动词——动词-ing形式和-ed分词 （次重点）

(2) 连词的使用方法 （语法衔接题）

2. 词汇题

(1) 简单的同义词、近义词辨析

(2) 语义的衔接技巧

3. 固定搭配

　在解答完型填空题目的时候，需要注意以下几点：

1、语义、语法的衔接不是孤立地存在的，具体做题时需要既联系语义、逻辑，又要注意有无惯用或结构上的固定搭配。

2、选项为实词时，注意其前后有无词汇同现、复现现象，有无形成固定搭配的可能性。

3、选项为介词时，要看其能否与前后的名词、动词构成习惯搭配。

4、选项为连接词时，主要考查上下文中的逻辑关系，如转折、让步、原因、结果、比较、对比及递进关系等。做题时需联系上下文，不可孤立地只看一句话。

5、熟悉常用的逻辑过渡词，注意名词、动词、形容词与介的固定搭配关系

6、熟悉常用的语法规则和结构，具体见语词讲义。

二、完形填空的解题方法体系

　 完形填空的总体解题原理和思路是通过分析原文已知信息，定位每一个未知填空分布在原文已知信息中的所有相关提示线索来定位答案。在这个总体的解题原理和思路的指导下，通过总结历年完形填空真题，将其进行分类，分析出如何在文章中定位每一类具体的完形填空题的相关提示线索，我们研究出了一整套具体的解题方法。本方法体系给考生总结出了查找各类完形填空题相关提示线索的规律。

1．按词类划分的解题方法

1)动词

l 动词作谓语时，主语作为提示线索，即通过已知的主语判断主渭搭配的一致性。

l 动词作谓语并且及物时，宾语作为提示线索，即通过已知的宾语判断动宾搭配的一致。常考的三个搭配原则：物理性和抽象性的一致／褒贬的一致/语气正式性的一致。

l 通过与动词构成习惯搭配的介词作为提示线索。

l 根据动词是及物还是不及物作为提示线索，即动词填空后面有无出现宾语。

l 其他对动词可以构成限制性修饰的成分，如对动词构成修饰关系的副词等作为切人线索。

l 动词出现在概括性的总述句中，动词的提示线索分布在下文的分述部分(参照通用性解题方法的总分结构对照法)。

l 两个以上的动词构成关联结构时，将文章给出的已知动词作为提示线索判断未知动词，根据最大相近性的原则来判断

l 根据与主题相关原则和与主旨导向(或倾向)一致原则，将文章的中心主线作为整体提示线索选择动词，即选择与文章主题紧密相关和与文章主旨导向(或作者倾向)—致的动词选项

例题：

1) There can be no question about the value of a safety program. From a financial standpoint alone, safety ______________

[A]comes off [ B] turns up [ C] pays off [ D] holds up

2) How does water scarcity affect people? First of all，it ________ their health．

[A]hurts [B]harms [C]injures [D]destroys

3) Visitors to this country are normally admitted for six months, but foreign students can usually stay for one year. They must ______ an educational institution

[A] establish [B] purchase [C] prove [D] attend

2)形容词

l 形容词在英语中起修饰作用，因此一定有被修饰成分，理论上被修饰成分就是形容词的相关提示线索；形容词构成合适的修饰和被修饰搭配时须注意修饰的同质性和褒贬的一致性。

l 形容词做表语时，与主语构成修饰关系，主语是相关提示线索，判断主表搭配的一致性。

l 形容词修饰名词时，此名词是相关提示线索，即通过已知的名词根据形容词和名词修饰搭配关系判断形容词。

l 出现形容词 名问 其他修饰名问的成分(如定语从句、同位语从句、后置起修饰作用的分词短语等)的搭配结构时，其他修饰名词的成分实际上是相关提示线索，通过补充修饰名词暗示出形容词的答案。

l 形容词被副词修饰时，此副词是相关提示线索，根据副词和形容词的关系通过副词判断形容词!

l 形容词出现在概括性的总述句中，形容词的提示线索分布在下文的分述部分

l 两个以上的形容词构成关联结构时，将文章给出的已知形容词作为提示线索判断未知形容词，根据最大相近性的原则来判断

l 根据与主题相关原则和与主旨导向／作者倾向一致原则，将文章的中心主线作为整体提示线索选择形容问，即选择与文章主题紧密相关和与文章土旨导向／作者倾向一致的形容词选项

1) If no surplus is available，a farmer cannot be ____________

[A]self-confident [B]self-sufficient [C]self—satisfied [D] self—restrained

2) Companies with low accident rates plan their safety programs，work hard to organize them，and continual working to keep them__________ and active．

[A]alive [B]vivid [C] mobile [D]diverse

3) Getting enough vitamins is essential to life，although the body has no nutritional use for ______ vitamins．

[A]exceptional [B]exceeding [C]excessive [D]external

4) As time went by，computers became smaller and more powerful，and they became "personal" too，as well as _____

[A]institutional [B]universal [C]fundamental [D] instrumental

3)名词

l 名词作主语时，谓语动词或表语形容词是相关提示线索，即通过已知的谓语动词判断主谓搭配的一致性，或者通过已知的表语形容词判断主表搭配的一致性。

l 名词做及物谓语动词的宾语时，谓语动词是相关提示线索，即通过已知的谓语动词判断动宾搭配的一致；常考的三个搭配原则：物理性和抽象性的一致／褒贬的一致/语气正式性的一致。

l 名词被形容词修饰时，此形容词是相关提示线索，即通过已知的形容词根据形容词和名词的修饰搭配关系判断名词。

l 出现介词 名词的结构，此介词是相关提示线索，即通过已知的介词根据介词和名词的习惯搭配关系判断名词。

l 出现名词 其他修饰名词的成分(如定语从句／同位语从句／后置起修饰作用的分词短语等)的搭配结构时，其他修饰名词的成分实际上是相关提示线索，通过补充提示暗示出名词。

1) This may mean the difference between operating at ___________ or at a loss．

[A]an advantage [B]a benefit [C]an interest [D]a profit

2) As was discussed before，it was not until the 19th century that the newspaper became the dominated pre-electronic__________

[A] means [B] method [C]medium [D]measure

3) As time went by, computers became smaller and more powerful, and they became" personal", as well as institutional, with display becoming sharper and storage _________ increasing.

[A] ability [ B ] capability [ C ] capacity [ D ] faculty

4) When he said the _____________ of privacy controls contained in European Legislation would be left to judges rather than to Parliament.

[ A ] translation [ B ] interpretation [ C ] exhibition [ D ] demonstration

4) 副词

总原则：副词在英语中起修饰作用，因此一定有被修饰成分，理论上被修饰成分就是副词的相关提示线索；完形填空常考副词构成合适的修饰和被修饰搭配的两个大原则：修饰的同质性和褒贬的一致性。

(1) They do not provide energy, __________ do they construct or build any part of the body.

[ A ] either [ B ] so [ C ] nor [ D ] never

5) 连词

1)... that the introduction of the computer in the early 20th century, radically changed the process, ____________ its impacts on the media was not immediately apparent.

[A] unless [ B] since [ C] lest [ D] although

2) They are different ____________ their elements are arranged differently, and each vitamin performs one or more specific functions in the body.

[A] in that [ B ] so that [ C ] such that [ D ] except that

3) If a farmer wishes to succeed, he must try to keep a wide gap between his consumption and his production. He must store a large quantity of grain _________ consuming all his grain immediately.

[ A ] other than [ B ] as well as [ C ] instead of [ D ] more than

4） He can continue to support himself and his family _________ he produces a surplus.

[A] only if [ B ] much as [ C ] long before [ D ] ever since

5） One day at a time ________ industrial giants tike General Motors and IBM struggle to survive by reducing the number of employees, Manpower, based in Milwankee, Wisconsin, is booming.

[A] for [B] because [C] as [ D ] since

2．通用性的解题方法

　 完形填空的基本解题原则是从已知信息中寻找定位出所有与未知填空相关联的信息线索，通过综合分析这些线索推测未知填空的答案。在这里总结一些具有普遍性的寻找定位相关已知线索的方法和规律，这些方法大多适用于动词、名词、形容词和副词。

　 1)无关词排除法(与主题相关原则)

　 完形文章一般都有非常明确的中心主线，且整个文章很紧凑，就是紧紧围绕着中心主线展开。因此，理论上正确的选项一定是紧扣文章的主题和中心主线的。故而，一些看上去明显和文章主题和中心主线毫无关系的选项基本上可以排除在正确答案之外。

　　The government is to ban payments to witnesses by newspapers seeking to buy up people involved in prominent cases ___31 the trial of Rosemary West.

　 In a significant 32 of legal controls over the press, Lord Irvine, the Lord Chancellor, will introduce a 33 bill that will propose making payments to witnesses 34 and will strictly control the amount of 35 that can be given to a case 36 a trial begins.

　 35. A) publicity B) penalty C) popularity D) peculiarity

　　2)同现结构法(与文章主题导向或倾向一致原则)

　 同现是一种词汇的衔接手段。完形文章由于常常有明确的中心主线，所以作者往往会使用一些重点词汇围绕着中心主线贯穿全文。同现实际上就是一组具有相同倾向性的词语，这些词语所表现的倾向性往往与中心主线中的导向一致，或者说这些同现词语的任务就是对文章的导向进行支持。因此，文章的整体导向可以成为解出这些同现词语的关键信息。

Sleep is divided into periods of so-called REM sleep, characterized by rapid eye movements and dreaming, and longer periods of non-REM sleep. 41 (Neither) kind of sleep is at all well-understood but REM sleep is 42 to serve some restorative function of the brain. The purpose of non-REM sleep is even more 43 .

43. A) subtle B) obvious C) mysterious D) doubtful

3)复现结构法(与本题一致原则)

复现是完形文章中词汇的一种衔接手段，即表达相同意思的词汇在文章的不同地方出现。复现可以是相同的词重复出现，也可以是用不同的词表达相同的意思。复现的解题意义在于：如果判断出一个未知填空与—卜下文的一些已知词汇有复现关系，只要从选项中选出与那些词汇意义相同的即为正确答案。

Sleep is divided into periods of so-called REM sleep, characterized by rapid eye movements

and dreaming, and longer periods of non-REM sleep. 41 kind of sleep is at all well-understood, but REM sleep is 42 to serve some restorative function of the brain. The purpose of non-REM sleep is even more 43 .The new experiments, such as these 44 for the first time at a recent meeting of the Society for Sleep Research in Minneapolis, suggest fascinating explanations 45 of non-REM sleep.

For example it has long been known that total sleep 46 is 100 percent fatal to rats, yet, 47 examination of the dead bodies, the animals look completely normal. A researcher has now 48 the mystery of why the animals die. The rats 49 _bacterial infections of the blood, 50 their immune systems—the self-protecting mechanism against disease—had crashed.

43. A) subtle B) obvious C) mysterious D) doubtful

4)关联结构法

关联是完形文章中经常山现的一种结构，即将两个或两个以上的同类别词语，比如两个动词、两个形容词，以连续排比性的结构出现。在这种情况下，两个关联词汇在句子中的语法地位一样，且常常起一样的语法作用，之间又明显具有某种逻辑关系。关联的解题意义在于：出题人一般会将一个关联词语没置成已知信息，另一个是未知的，这样那个已知的词语就成为破解未知词语的关键线索。

Companies 41 ( with)low accident rates plan their safety programs, work hard to organize them, and continue working to keep them 42 and active,

42. A) alive B) vivid C ) mobile D ) diverse

5)时间线索定位法

完形文章中出现的时间信息一般都是非常有用的线索，因为只要通过分析这些时间线索就可以很快把握与这些时间线索联系在一起的信息之间的关系。

But they insisted that its (指工业革命) 43 results during the period from 1750 to 1850 were widespread poverty and misery for the 44 of the English population. 45 contrast, they saw in the preceding hundred years from 1650 to 1750, when England was still a 46 agricultural country, a period of great abundance and prosperity.

43. A ) momentary B ) prompt C ) instant D ) immediate

46. A) broadly B ) thoroughly C ) generally D ) completely

It is generally recognized, however, that the introduction of the computer in the early 20^th century, _______ 30 by the invention of the integrated circuit during the 1960s, radically changed the process.

30. A) brought B) followed C) stimulated D) characterized

6)总分结构对照分析法

总分之间的基本关系是互相支持、互相印证的对照关系，总述是对分述的总结和概括，分述是对总述的展开。因此，当一些未知填空出现在总述句时，解出这些填空的相关已知线索往往可以在与其对应的分述部分中找到。

Successful safety programs may _____45_____ greatly in the emphasis placed on certain aspects of the program. Some place great emphasis on mechanical guarding. Others stress safe work practices by ____46_____ rules or regulations. ____47______ others depend on an emotional appeal to the worker. But, there are certain basic ideas that must be used in every program if maximum results are to be obtained.

45. A) alter B) differ C) shift D) distinguish