五、一致关系常见错误设置及答题思路 [常见错误] 一致关系包括主语与谓语、代词与所指代的名词在人称和数上要保持一致两个方面。 1.主语是单数,谓语却是复数形式,或反之,主谓不一致的错误常出现在下列结构中: ①主谓倒装结构; ②主语与谓语之间有定语从句或其他结构修饰,所以距离较远,考生易误认主语; ③动名词短语或不定式短语作主语; ④主语带有with或such as等附加成分; ⑤关系代词作主语的定语从句; ⑥某些固定结构。 2.代词与所指代的名词不一致的错误常常是: ①在数上不一致; ②在人称上不一致; ③在格上不一致; ④出现在从属结构中。 例句: On each (A) side of the highway was (B) hundreds of billboards advertising (C) everything from modern motels to roadside stands that sell fresh fruit (D) and bedspreads.(1995年考题) (答案:B were,倒装结构,主语是hundreds of…) The amount of pressure (A) which (B) the materials are subject (C) to affect (D) the quality of the products. (答案:D affects,主语与谓语之间有较长修饰语) Transforming (A) raw materials into (B) useful products are (C) called manufacturing (D) . (答案:C is,主语是动名词短语) The dean of the college together with some other (A) faculty members are planning (B) a conference for the purpose of (C) laying down certain (D) regulations. (答案:B is planning,主语有附加语) There are many valuable services (A) which the public are (B) willing to pay for, but which (C) does not (D) bring a return in money to the community. (答案:D do not,第二个关系代词which作主语,先行词是services) One of the world s largest (A) salt mines lie (B) directly under (C) rhe city (D) of Detroit. (答案:B lies,主语是one) George is one (A) of the graduate students who (B) has (C) got a part time (D) job. (答案:C have,与先行词students一致) Mr.Wang is the only one (A) of the teachers in (B) our university who (C) own (D) a car. (答案:D owns,与先行词one一致) 注意:上面三个带one的句子对谓语数的影响。 Many a (A) problem concerning the agricultural production (B) have been (C) solved this way (D) . (答案:C has been,与a problem在语法上一致) It was during the 1920 s that (A) the friendship between (B) the two American writers Heminingway and Fitzgerald reached their (C) highest (D) point. (答案:C its,指代friendship,在数上一致) Each cigarette which a person smokes does (A) some (B) harm, and eventually you (C) may get a serious disease from its (D) effect. (答案:C he,指代a person,在人称上一致) It is required by law that a husband have to pay (A) the debts of his wife until (B) formal notice is given that (C) he no longer has to pay her (D) . (答案:D to pay them,指代debts,在人称和数上一致) His achievements have earned him (A) respect from (B) both his colleagues and those (C) whose positions are higher than he (D) . (答案:D his,指代his position,在格上一致)