三、情态动词常见错误设置及答题思路 [常见错误] 1.考情态动词表达推断、预测的逻辑意义。 2.考"情态动词+动词完成式"表达的虚拟意义。 所设置的错误通常出现在情态动词后接的动词形式上,即是接不定式的一般式,还是接不定式的完成式。 例句: That small country at one time (A) must be (B) prosperous, for (C) it enjoyed a high level (D) of civilization. (答案:B must have been,表示对过去的肯定推测) In a (A) way I agree with you, but I think (B) you could present (C) your arguement in a much better (D) way. (答案:C could have presented,表示"本来可以…"但实际没有做的虚拟意义) I regret having left (A) the work unfinished (B)I should plan (C) everything ahead (D) carefully. (答案:C should have planned,表示"本应该做"而实际未做的虚拟意义) A piece of evidence shows (A) that life may exist (B) on earth (C) 38 billion years ago (D) . (答案:B may have existed,表示根据逻辑推理对过去事情作出的可能性推测) I got up early (A) but I didn t need to do (B) so, because (C) I had no work to do (D) that morning. (答案:B needn t have done,表示做了不必做的事) He knew (A) that she mustn t have taken (B) the book as (C) she hadn t been (D) in the house at that time. (答案:B couldn t have taken,表示对过去的否定推测)
[辨错思路] 反复阅读题句,正确理解句子的含义,确定其表达推测、判断的语气是强烈还是缓和(委婉),语义是禁止、允许、劝阻、警告、评论还是惋惜,据此辨别句中划线的情态动词用词是否准确,所接动词形式是否符合语义要求,从而找出错误所在。从以往试题来看,有关情态动词的错误大都设置在该接动词完成式而误用一般式,请考生注意这一点。 [改错要领] 把握不同的情态动词加动词不定式完成式表示的各种意义: 1.must have 过去分词,表示对过去情况的强烈肯定推测,译为"(昨天)一定…"。 2.can t/couldn t have 过去分词,表示对过去情况的强烈否定推测,译为"(昨天)一定没…"。 3.may/might have 过去分词,表示对已发生的事情作不肯定、可能性很小的推测,或事实上根本没发生,译为"也许…"。 4.needn t have 过去分词,表示作了不必做的事,译为"其实没必要…"。 5.should(n t)have 过去分词,表示应该做其事,但实际上未做或不应该做但实际上做了,译为"本(不)应该…"。 6.ought to have 过去分词,表示动作按理该发生了,译为"该…"。 7.could have 过去分词,表示过去本来可以做,但却未做,译为"完全可以…"。 注意下面几个情态动词的习惯用法: had better do…(没有不定式符号to) had better not do…(not的位置不在had后面) would like to do…(带to) would not like to do…(注意not的位置) used to do…(to后接动词原形,不是ing形式) 四、非谓语动词常见错误设置及答题思路 [常见错误] 1.该用不定式作宾语而错用了动名词,或反之。 2.该用不定式完成式而错用了一般式。 3.该用不定式或动名词被动态而错用了主动态。 4.该用过去分词而错用了现在分词。 5.分词放在句首时,其逻辑主语与句子主语不一致,构成垂悬分词的错误。 例句: Not too many (A) years ago (B) , my mother jogged in the alley behind our house because she was embarrassed to see (C) jogging in public (D) . (答案:C to be seen,与she是受动关系) You will (A) almost always find (B) Caroline playing (C) a video game because she enjoys to be challenged (D) . (答案:D being challenged, enjoy要求动名词作宾语) When the tank car carried (A) the poisonous gas ran off (B) the rails, the firemen tried to isolate the village from (C) all traffic (D) . (答案:A carrying,与逻辑主语car为施动关系,即"车载着…") People cannot but (A) feel puzzling (B) , for they simply cannot (C) understand how he could have made (D) such a stupid mistake. (答案:B puzzled,过去分词表示承受动作后所处的状态) Mr.Jankin regretted to blame (A) his secretary for (B) the mistake, for (C) he later discovered (D) it was his own fault.